1 00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:02,900 >> TEN, NINE, EIGHT, 2 00:00:02,900 --> 00:00:06,900 SEVEN, SIX, FIVE, FOUR, 3 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:09,500 THREE, TWO, ONE. 4 00:00:10,540 --> 00:00:25,280 [ MUSIC ] 5 00:00:29,329 --> 00:00:31,431 >> WHAT'S UP EVERYBODY? 6 00:00:31,431 --> 00:00:32,332 YOU'RE WATCHING 7 00:00:32,332 --> 00:00:34,067 "NASA IN SILICON VALLEY LIVE" 8 00:00:34,067 --> 00:00:36,136 FOR OCTOBER 25, 2018. 9 00:00:36,136 --> 00:00:37,170 I'M YOUR HOST, 10 00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:38,204 DANIELLE CARMICHAEL. 11 00:00:38,204 --> 00:00:39,706 AND IF YOU DON'T KNOW, 12 00:00:39,706 --> 00:00:41,207 "NASA IN SILICON VALLEY LIVE" 13 00:00:41,207 --> 00:00:42,475 IT'S A CONVERSATIONAL SHOW 14 00:00:42,475 --> 00:00:43,510 OUT OF NASA'S 15 00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:44,577 AMES RESEARCH CENTER 16 00:00:44,577 --> 00:00:45,745 WITH THE VARIOUS SCIENTISTS, 17 00:00:45,745 --> 00:00:47,080 RESEARCHERS, ENGINEERS 18 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:48,148 AND ALL-AROUND COOL PEOPLE 19 00:00:48,148 --> 00:00:49,082 AT NASA. 20 00:00:49,082 --> 00:00:50,016 WHERE WE TALK ABOUT 21 00:00:50,016 --> 00:00:50,984 ALL THE NERDY NEWS THAT 22 00:00:50,984 --> 00:00:52,085 YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT. 23 00:00:52,085 --> 00:00:53,019 AND I'M HERE WITH 24 00:00:53,019 --> 00:00:54,254 MY CO-HOST, ABBY. 25 00:00:54,254 --> 00:00:55,922 >> HEY! THANKS, DANIELLE. 26 00:00:55,922 --> 00:00:57,257 HI, I'M ABBY TABOR. 27 00:00:57,257 --> 00:00:58,558 WELCOME BACK, THANKS 28 00:00:58,558 --> 00:00:59,993 FOR JOINING US AGAIN. 29 00:00:59,993 --> 00:01:02,862 UM, I WANTED TO TELL EVERYBODY 30 00:01:02,862 --> 00:01:04,230 THAT YOU CAN WATCH US IN 31 00:01:04,230 --> 00:01:05,331 A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT PLACES. 32 00:01:05,331 --> 00:01:06,699 SO, WE ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY 33 00:01:06,699 --> 00:01:08,468 LIVE ON TWITCH, YOUTUBE, 34 00:01:08,468 --> 00:01:09,502 AND FACEBOOK. 35 00:01:09,502 --> 00:01:10,770 BUT IF YOU WANNA PARTICIPATE 36 00:01:10,770 --> 00:01:12,005 IN THE CHAT, YOU NEED 37 00:01:12,005 --> 00:01:13,273 TO JOIN US ON TWITCH. 38 00:01:13,273 --> 00:01:15,942 SO, THAT'S TWITCH.TV/NASA. 39 00:01:15,942 --> 00:01:17,944 BUT IF YOU MISS US LIVE, 40 00:01:17,944 --> 00:01:19,446 THAT'S OKAY BECAUSE WE'LL HAVE 41 00:01:19,446 --> 00:01:20,914 THE VIDEO ON DEMAND LATER, 42 00:01:20,914 --> 00:01:22,882 INCLUDING ON NASA TV. 43 00:01:22,882 --> 00:01:25,452 AND IF YOU PREFER YOUR 44 00:01:25,452 --> 00:01:28,121 N-NERDY NASA NEWS ALL AUDIO, 45 00:01:28,121 --> 00:01:30,323 YOU CAN JOIN US ON THE POSTCAST. 46 00:01:30,323 --> 00:01:31,424 YOU CAN FIND THE AUDIO VERSION 47 00:01:31,424 --> 00:01:32,926 LATER ON PODCAST SERVICES 48 00:01:32,926 --> 00:01:34,527 THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM 49 00:01:34,527 --> 00:01:36,262 AND BEYOND! 50 00:01:36,262 --> 00:01:37,831 SO, DANIELLE, WHY DON'T YOU 51 00:01:37,831 --> 00:01:39,299 TELL 'EM WHAT WE'RE UP TO TODAY? 52 00:01:39,299 --> 00:01:40,200 IT'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT 53 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:41,100 THIS TIME. 54 00:01:41,100 --> 00:01:41,935 >> THAT'S RIGHT! 55 00:01:41,935 --> 00:01:42,735 SO WE'RE ACTUALLY GOING 56 00:01:42,735 --> 00:01:43,970 TO BE HOLDING OUR FIRST-EVER 57 00:01:43,970 --> 00:01:45,271 HALLOWEEN COSTUME 58 00:01:45,271 --> 00:01:46,906 AND COSPLAY CONTEXT. 59 00:01:46,906 --> 00:01:50,710 >> YEAH! NASA-INSPIRED COSTUME 60 00:01:50,710 --> 00:01:52,412 AND COSPLAY CONTEXT. 61 00:01:52,412 --> 00:01:53,813 SO, IF YOU'RE A NASA FAN 62 00:01:53,813 --> 00:01:55,215 AND, LIKE ME, YOU FAILED 63 00:01:55,215 --> 00:01:56,783 TO GET A HALLOWEEN COSTUME 64 00:01:56,783 --> 00:01:58,117 TOGETHER BEFORE NOW, 65 00:01:58,117 --> 00:01:59,319 YOU'RE IN LUCK BECAUSE 66 00:01:59,319 --> 00:02:00,386 WE'RE GOING TO SHOW YOU 67 00:02:00,386 --> 00:02:02,856 A BUNCH OF NASA-INSPIRED LOOKS 68 00:02:02,856 --> 00:02:04,357 AND WE'RE GONNA BRAINSTORM 69 00:02:04,357 --> 00:02:05,625 HOW YOU COULD RECREATE 70 00:02:05,625 --> 00:02:08,261 THOSE LOOKS AT HOME. SO-- 71 00:02:08,261 --> 00:02:09,629 >> SO, IF YOU DO END UP 72 00:02:09,629 --> 00:02:10,897 USING ANY OF THESE LOOKS 73 00:02:10,897 --> 00:02:12,632 OR YOU WEAR ANY OF 74 00:02:12,632 --> 00:02:14,200 OUR SPACE-THEMED COSTUMES 75 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:15,969 FOR HALLOWEEN, WE WANNA SEE IT. 76 00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:17,170 SO, YOU CAN SHARE 77 00:02:17,170 --> 00:02:18,638 YOUR NASA-INSPIRED COSTUMES 78 00:02:18,638 --> 00:02:20,473 WITH US ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING 79 00:02:20,473 --> 00:02:23,042 THE HASHTAG #NASACOSTUME. 80 00:02:23,042 --> 00:02:25,879 SO, ABBY, WHAT ARE YOU WEARING? 81 00:02:25,879 --> 00:02:27,747 >> ALL RIGHT, SO, YOU MIGHT 82 00:02:27,747 --> 00:02:29,816 REMEMBER NASA'S KEPLER SPACE 83 00:02:29,816 --> 00:02:30,850 TELESCOPE, RIGHT? 84 00:02:30,850 --> 00:02:32,685 SO, KEPLER IS A MISSION 85 00:02:32,685 --> 00:02:35,054 THAT WE LED HERE AT AMES. 86 00:02:35,054 --> 00:02:37,257 UM, AND IT IS THAT 87 00:02:37,257 --> 00:02:38,391 SPACE TELESCOPE THAT IS 88 00:02:38,391 --> 00:02:40,059 OUT THERE FINDING PLANETS. 89 00:02:40,059 --> 00:02:41,861 SO, IT'S BEEN STARING AT STARS 90 00:02:41,861 --> 00:02:44,464 AROUND THE GALAXY FINDING 91 00:02:44,464 --> 00:02:45,798 OTHER PLANETS CIRCLING 92 00:02:45,798 --> 00:02:47,500 OTHER STARS BESIDES OUR SUN. 93 00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:48,635 EXOPLANETS. 94 00:02:48,635 --> 00:02:50,003 SO, WHAT I AM IS I GOT 95 00:02:50,003 --> 00:02:51,170 A LITTLE KEPLER HERE, 96 00:02:51,170 --> 00:02:52,438 AND I'VE GOT MY STARFIELD 97 00:02:52,438 --> 00:02:55,208 AND I AM THE CONCEPT OF KEPLER'S 98 00:02:55,208 --> 00:02:56,743 DISCOVERY OF OTHER WORLDS. 99 00:02:56,743 --> 00:02:57,677 >> OKAY. 100 00:02:57,677 --> 00:02:58,578 >> WHAT ABOUT YOU? 101 00:02:58,578 --> 00:03:00,113 >> UH, SO, I AM DRESSED UP 102 00:03:00,113 --> 00:03:01,581 AS THE LEGENDARY FLIGHT 103 00:03:01,581 --> 00:03:02,749 DIRECTOR, GENE KRANZ. 104 00:03:02,749 --> 00:03:03,650 >> NICE. 105 00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:04,984 SO, REMIND US ABOUT HIM? 106 00:03:04,984 --> 00:03:06,886 >> SO, HE ACTUALLY HELPED WRITE 107 00:03:06,886 --> 00:03:08,688 THE GO NO-GO PROCEDURES THAT 108 00:03:08,688 --> 00:03:10,490 WE STILL USE TODAY THAT ALLOWS 109 00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:12,025 MISSIONS TO DETERMINE IF 110 00:03:12,025 --> 00:03:13,226 THEY'RE GONNA BE GO AS PLANNED 111 00:03:13,226 --> 00:03:14,160 OR IF THEY'RE ABORTED. 112 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:15,028 >> OKAY. 113 00:03:15,028 --> 00:03:16,195 >> AND ALSO, AS FLIGHT 114 00:03:16,195 --> 00:03:18,464 DIRECTOR DURING APOLLO 13, 115 00:03:18,464 --> 00:03:19,866 HIM AND HIS TEAM ACTUALLY 116 00:03:19,866 --> 00:03:21,267 HELPED THE ASTRONAUTS SAFELY 117 00:03:21,267 --> 00:03:22,468 RETURN BACK TO EARTH. 118 00:03:22,468 --> 00:03:23,870 >> WOW, THAT ONE, APOLLO 13. 119 00:03:23,870 --> 00:03:24,904 >> IT WAS PRETTY COOL. 120 00:03:24,904 --> 00:03:25,939 >> NOTHING LESS. AMAZING. 121 00:03:25,939 --> 00:03:26,773 >> NOTHING, NOTHING. 122 00:03:26,773 --> 00:03:28,308 HE'S ALSO FAMOUSLY, UH, 123 00:03:28,308 --> 00:03:30,276 ATTRIBUTED TO THE "FAILURE IS 124 00:03:30,276 --> 00:03:32,579 NOT AN OPTION" BUT, FUN FACT, 125 00:03:32,579 --> 00:03:34,414 THAT ACTUALLY WAS NOT HIM. 126 00:03:34,414 --> 00:03:35,315 >> OH, FOR REAL? 127 00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:36,115 >> MM-HMM. 128 00:03:36,115 --> 00:03:36,849 >> HE GETS CREDIT FOR IT, 129 00:03:36,849 --> 00:03:37,584 BUT NO. 130 00:03:37,584 --> 00:03:38,318 >> HE DOES. HE DOES. 131 00:03:38,318 --> 00:03:39,118 >> INTERESTING, INTERESTING. 132 00:03:39,118 --> 00:03:40,019 ALL RIGHT. 133 00:03:40,019 --> 00:03:40,753 WELL, YOU WANNA SEE 134 00:03:40,753 --> 00:03:41,521 SOME MORE NASA LOOKS? 135 00:03:41,521 --> 00:03:42,255 >> YEAH, LET'S GO FOR IT. 136 00:03:42,255 --> 00:03:42,989 >> SHOULD WE GET INTO IT? 137 00:03:42,989 --> 00:03:43,656 >> LET'S GO FOR IT. 138 00:03:43,656 --> 00:03:44,424 >> ALL RIGHT, ALL RIGHT. 139 00:03:44,424 --> 00:03:45,258 SO, WE'RE GONNA HEAD INTO 140 00:03:45,258 --> 00:03:46,526 OUR FIRST CATEGORY. 141 00:03:46,526 --> 00:03:47,794 WHICH IS CALLED 142 00:03:47,794 --> 00:03:49,262 "EVERYDAY NASA LOOKS." 143 00:03:49,262 --> 00:03:50,196 SO THESE ARE OUTFITS YOU'D 144 00:03:50,196 --> 00:03:51,164 SEE OUR RESEARCHERS WEARING 145 00:03:51,164 --> 00:03:53,566 IN THE LAB OR OUT IN THE FIELD 146 00:03:53,566 --> 00:03:54,767 AND AROUND THE CENTER WHEN 147 00:03:54,767 --> 00:03:56,102 THEY'RE DOIN' THEIR RESEARCH. 148 00:03:56,102 --> 00:03:58,137 SO, LEAVE YOUR COMMENTS 149 00:03:58,137 --> 00:03:59,339 IN THE CHAT IF YOU LIKE 150 00:03:59,339 --> 00:04:00,273 WHAT YOU SEE OR IF YOU 151 00:04:00,273 --> 00:04:01,140 HAVE ANY QUESTIONS. 152 00:04:01,140 --> 00:04:02,075 AND LET'S WELCOME 153 00:04:02,075 --> 00:04:04,010 OUR FIRST GUEST TO THE SET. 154 00:04:04,010 --> 00:04:06,946 COME ON OUT, EGLE. 155 00:04:10,883 --> 00:04:07,981 HEY, HEY! 156 00:04:10,883 --> 00:04:15,088 >> LOOK AT YOU. 157 00:04:15,088 --> 00:04:16,255 NICE. 158 00:04:16,255 --> 00:04:17,156 COME ON UP HERE. 159 00:04:17,156 --> 00:04:19,292 >> COME ON AND JOIN US. 160 00:04:19,292 --> 00:04:21,494 >> YOU LOOK AMAZING. 161 00:04:21,494 --> 00:04:22,829 >> HI, THERE. 162 00:04:22,829 --> 00:04:23,830 >> WELCOME, WELCOME. 163 00:04:23,830 --> 00:04:25,298 SO, LET'S START OFF BY 164 00:04:25,298 --> 00:04:26,532 TELLIN' US, WHAT'S YOUR NAME? 165 00:04:26,532 --> 00:04:28,434 AND WHAT YOU DO HERE AT AMES. 166 00:04:28,434 --> 00:04:29,736 >> SO, MY NAME IS 167 00:04:29,736 --> 00:04:31,604 EGLE CEKANAVICIUTE. 168 00:04:31,604 --> 00:04:33,673 I AM A CONTRACTOR SCIENTIST 169 00:04:33,673 --> 00:04:36,542 IN THE RADIATION BIOPHYSICS LAB 170 00:04:36,542 --> 00:04:38,711 AT, UH, SPACE BIOSCIENCES 171 00:04:38,711 --> 00:04:40,013 DIVISION HERE AT AMES. 172 00:04:40,013 --> 00:04:41,114 >> OKAY. 173 00:04:41,114 --> 00:04:43,149 >> AND I STUDY THE DAMAGE 174 00:04:43,149 --> 00:04:45,752 THAT IS DONE BY SPACE RADIATION 175 00:04:45,752 --> 00:04:47,387 TO THE HUMAN BODY 176 00:04:47,387 --> 00:04:49,589 AND WHAT DETERMINES SENSITIVITY 177 00:04:49,589 --> 00:04:50,390 TO RADIATION. 178 00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:51,257 >> MMM, OKAY. 179 00:04:51,257 --> 00:04:53,559 >> OKAY. SO WHAT'S GOING ON 180 00:04:53,559 --> 00:04:54,761 WITH YOUR COSTUME 181 00:04:54,761 --> 00:04:55,928 THAT YOU HAVE HERE? 182 00:04:55,928 --> 00:04:57,997 IT'S PRETTY INTERESTING. 183 00:04:57,997 --> 00:04:59,465 >> RIGHT, SO, I'M WEARING 184 00:04:59,465 --> 00:05:01,968 YOUR STANDARD LAB COSTUME 185 00:05:01,968 --> 00:05:03,403 FOR WORKING WITH, UH, 186 00:05:03,403 --> 00:05:04,837 SOME SORT OF MORE SENSITIVE 187 00:05:04,837 --> 00:05:06,072 OR DANGEROUS SAMPLES 188 00:05:06,072 --> 00:05:07,640 SUCH AS HUMAN BLOOD. 189 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:08,441 >> OKAY. 190 00:05:08,441 --> 00:05:09,308 >> BECAUSE THIS IS WHAT 191 00:05:09,308 --> 00:05:10,309 WE WORK ON. 192 00:05:10,309 --> 00:05:11,878 WE'RE COLLECTING CELLS 193 00:05:11,878 --> 00:05:14,247 FROM LOTS OF HEALTHY PEOPLE, 194 00:05:14,247 --> 00:05:16,049 EXPOSING THEM TO SIMULATED 195 00:05:16,049 --> 00:05:17,784 SPACE RADIATION BECAUSE WE 196 00:05:17,784 --> 00:05:19,152 CAN'T FLY THEM TO THE MOON 197 00:05:19,152 --> 00:05:20,486 OR MARS YET, SO WE HAVE 198 00:05:20,486 --> 00:05:21,821 TO SIMULATE THOSE CONDITIONS 199 00:05:21,821 --> 00:05:22,989 HERE ON EARTH. 200 00:05:22,989 --> 00:05:23,823 >> ALL RIGHT. 201 00:05:23,823 --> 00:05:24,691 >> AND THEN WE'RE STUDYING 202 00:05:24,691 --> 00:05:25,558 WHAT HAPPENS TO THESE CELLS. 203 00:05:25,558 --> 00:05:26,626 >> OKAY. 204 00:05:26,626 --> 00:05:27,794 >> FINDING OUT THAT 205 00:05:27,794 --> 00:05:28,995 DIFFERENT PEOPLE HAVE 206 00:05:28,995 --> 00:05:30,763 VERY DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY. 207 00:05:30,763 --> 00:05:31,664 >> OKAY, INTERESTING. 208 00:05:31,664 --> 00:05:32,465 >> AND RESPONSE TO 209 00:05:32,465 --> 00:05:33,866 THE SAME AMOUNT OF RADIATION, 210 00:05:33,866 --> 00:05:35,268 THE SAME DOSE. 211 00:05:35,268 --> 00:05:36,769 SOME PEOPLE WILL HAVE, YOU KNOW, 212 00:05:36,769 --> 00:05:38,971 20% OF THEIR CELLS DIE. 213 00:05:38,971 --> 00:05:40,039 OTHER PEOPLE MAY HAVE 214 00:05:40,039 --> 00:05:41,107 60% OF THEIR CELLS DIE. 215 00:05:41,107 --> 00:05:42,108 >> AH, RIGHT. 216 00:05:42,108 --> 00:05:42,875 >> OKAY. 217 00:05:42,875 --> 00:05:43,676 >> NOW, THE QUESTION IS, 218 00:05:43,676 --> 00:05:45,244 WHAT DETERMINES THAT? 219 00:05:45,244 --> 00:05:46,746 AND CAN WE FIND IT OUT 220 00:05:46,746 --> 00:05:49,215 AND TAP INTO IT TO DEVELOP, 221 00:05:49,215 --> 00:05:50,516 UH, COUNTER MEASURES. 222 00:05:50,516 --> 00:05:51,617 BASICALLY, THERAPIES. 223 00:05:51,617 --> 00:05:52,452 >> OKAY. 224 00:05:52,452 --> 00:05:53,252 >> IMPROVE ASTRONAUT 225 00:05:53,252 --> 00:05:53,986 SENSITIVITY. 226 00:05:53,986 --> 00:05:54,754 >> YEAH. 227 00:05:54,754 --> 00:05:55,988 >> SO, THIS IS WHAT YOU WEAR. 228 00:05:55,988 --> 00:05:56,956 >> FABULOUS. 229 00:05:56,956 --> 00:05:59,625 >> WHEN YOU ARE WORKING WITH 230 00:05:59,625 --> 00:06:01,527 BLOOD SAMPLES IN THE LAB. 231 00:06:01,527 --> 00:06:03,830 GOGGLES, WHITE COAT, GLOVES. 232 00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:05,698 OBVIOUSLY, VERY CLEAN GLOVES, 233 00:06:05,698 --> 00:06:06,699 NOT TAKEN FROM THE LAB. 234 00:06:06,699 --> 00:06:07,500 >> YEAH, YEAH. 235 00:06:07,500 --> 00:06:08,301 >> IT'S A FRESH PAIR. 236 00:06:08,301 --> 00:06:09,102 >> AND IF YOU'RE NOT IN 237 00:06:09,102 --> 00:06:09,869 THE HOOD, YOU'RE WEARING 238 00:06:09,869 --> 00:06:10,570 THIS MASK. 239 00:06:10,570 --> 00:06:11,237 >> FABULOUS. 240 00:06:11,237 --> 00:06:12,672 >> BUT IT'S VERY HARD 241 00:06:12,672 --> 00:06:14,607 TO SPEAK IN IT. 242 00:06:14,607 --> 00:06:15,441 >> I ALREADY HAVE A QUICK 243 00:06:15,441 --> 00:06:16,309 QUESTION FOR YOU. 244 00:06:16,309 --> 00:06:18,010 DO YOU LOVE YOUR JOB? 245 00:06:18,010 --> 00:06:19,378 >> OF COURSE I LOVE MY JOB! 246 00:06:19,378 --> 00:06:20,279 WHO WOULDN'T? 247 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:21,247 >> IT LOOKS THAT WAY. 248 00:06:21,247 --> 00:06:23,015 I HAD A FEELING. 249 00:06:23,015 --> 00:06:24,350 FANTASTIC! 250 00:06:24,350 --> 00:06:26,319 >> SO, IF OUR VIEWERS AT HOME 251 00:06:26,319 --> 00:06:28,054 WANTED TO RECREATE YOUR OUTFIT, 252 00:06:28,054 --> 00:06:28,855 LIKE, WHAT COULD-- 253 00:06:28,855 --> 00:06:29,956 WHAT COULD WE DO? 254 00:06:29,956 --> 00:06:30,957 >> WELL, THIS OUTFIT IS 255 00:06:30,957 --> 00:06:32,391 SO BORING COMPARED TO 256 00:06:32,391 --> 00:06:33,392 A LOT OF OTHERS. 257 00:06:33,392 --> 00:06:34,293 I MEAN, IT'S NOT EVEN 258 00:06:34,293 --> 00:06:35,228 A SPACE SUIT, 259 00:06:35,228 --> 00:06:36,162 IT'S NOT A FLIGHT SUIT. 260 00:06:36,162 --> 00:06:38,397 YOU GO TO A DOCTOR'S OFFICE 261 00:06:38,397 --> 00:06:40,233 OR YOU GO TO CLEANING SUPPLIES 262 00:06:40,233 --> 00:06:41,868 AND GET YOUR GLOVES ON. 263 00:06:41,868 --> 00:06:43,402 TRY TO FIND SOME GLASSES 264 00:06:43,402 --> 00:06:44,804 TO SERVE AS GOGGLES. 265 00:06:44,804 --> 00:06:45,805 AND, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING 266 00:06:45,805 --> 00:06:47,273 LIKE THIS HAT OR THE MASK, 267 00:06:47,273 --> 00:06:48,608 YOU CAN JUST MAKE IT YOURSELF. 268 00:06:48,608 --> 00:06:50,076 >> ALL RIGHT. 269 00:06:50,076 --> 00:06:52,311 >> OKAY, WELL, THANK YOU. 270 00:06:52,311 --> 00:06:53,346 THANK YOU, EGLE. 271 00:06:53,346 --> 00:06:54,781 IT HAS BEEN A PLEASURE 272 00:06:54,781 --> 00:06:55,982 HAVIN' YOU ON THE SHOW. 273 00:06:55,982 --> 00:06:57,884 >> YEAH, WE'LL SEE YOU 274 00:06:57,884 --> 00:06:58,918 A BIT LATER. 275 00:06:58,918 --> 00:06:59,786 >> WE WILL, WE WILL. 276 00:06:59,786 --> 00:07:00,520 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 277 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:01,254 >> 'CAUSE WE GOTTA SEE 278 00:07:01,254 --> 00:07:02,188 THE OTHER CONTENDERS AND WE'LL 279 00:07:02,188 --> 00:07:03,956 BRING YOU BACK OUT IN A BIT. 280 00:07:03,956 --> 00:07:04,690 >> THANK YOU. 281 00:07:04,690 --> 00:07:05,825 >> EXCELLENT. 282 00:07:05,825 --> 00:07:08,928 >> OKAY. AND UP NEXT, 283 00:07:08,928 --> 00:07:11,063 UH, I WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME 284 00:07:11,063 --> 00:07:12,165 OUR NEXT GUESTS, 285 00:07:12,165 --> 00:07:14,000 UH, CAROLINE AND EMMA. 286 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:16,169 WHY DON'T YOU GUYS COME ON OUT? 287 00:07:16,969 --> 00:07:18,004 [ MUSIC ] 288 00:07:18,004 --> 00:07:18,871 >> OH, MAN! 289 00:07:18,871 --> 00:07:21,174 >> OH, HO, HO! 290 00:07:21,174 --> 00:07:23,409 >> I HAVE NOT SEEN THESE BEFORE, 291 00:07:23,409 --> 00:07:26,279 THIS IS AWESOME. 292 00:07:26,279 --> 00:07:27,880 LADIES, YOU RULE. 293 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:29,215 >> LADIES, WHY DON'T YOU 294 00:07:29,215 --> 00:07:32,418 PLEASE COME JOIN US? 295 00:07:32,418 --> 00:07:34,620 >> SO COOL! OH, MY GOD. 296 00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:35,621 I WAS PRETTY HAPPY WITH 297 00:07:35,621 --> 00:07:36,789 MY T-SHIRT WITH SOME STARS 298 00:07:36,789 --> 00:07:38,357 GLUED ON IT UNTIL YOU GUYS 299 00:07:38,357 --> 00:07:39,325 WALKED IN. 300 00:07:39,325 --> 00:07:41,761 >> I'M A HUGE FAN, LOOKS GREAT. 301 00:07:41,761 --> 00:07:42,895 >> THANK YOU. 302 00:07:42,895 --> 00:07:44,664 >> WELL, FIRST THINGS FIRST. 303 00:07:44,664 --> 00:07:45,698 COULD YOU LADIES PLEASE 304 00:07:45,698 --> 00:07:47,133 INTRODUCE YOURSELVES AND TELL US 305 00:07:47,133 --> 00:07:49,368 WHAT YOU DO HERE AT AMES? 306 00:07:49,368 --> 00:07:50,636 >> OKAY, I'LL START. 307 00:07:50,636 --> 00:07:51,871 I'M CAROLINE PARWORTH. 308 00:07:51,871 --> 00:07:53,372 I'M A POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCHER 309 00:07:53,372 --> 00:07:55,775 AT NASA AMES AND I WORK 310 00:07:55,775 --> 00:07:57,076 ON THE ALPHA JET 311 00:07:57,076 --> 00:07:58,244 ATMOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT, 312 00:07:58,244 --> 00:08:00,046 ALSO KNOWN AS AJAX. 313 00:08:00,046 --> 00:08:00,847 >> AJAX. 314 00:08:00,847 --> 00:08:01,848 >> AND, UH, WE USE, 315 00:08:01,848 --> 00:08:03,482 UH, RESEARCH AIRCRAFT TO 316 00:08:03,482 --> 00:08:05,084 TAKE MEASUREMENTS OF GASSES 317 00:08:05,084 --> 00:08:06,686 IN THE WESTERN US. 318 00:08:06,686 --> 00:08:07,587 >> OKAY. 319 00:08:07,587 --> 00:08:08,621 >> SOME OF THOSE GASES MAY 320 00:08:08,621 --> 00:08:10,056 INCLUDE GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE 321 00:08:10,056 --> 00:08:11,557 CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE. 322 00:08:11,557 --> 00:08:12,558 >> OKAY. 323 00:08:12,558 --> 00:08:14,460 >> ALSO, GASES THAT CAN 324 00:08:14,460 --> 00:08:16,395 INFLUENCE AIR QUALITY, HEALTH. 325 00:08:16,395 --> 00:08:17,330 >> OH, YEAH. 326 00:08:17,330 --> 00:08:18,831 >> SO, OZONE AND FORMALDEHYDE. 327 00:08:18,831 --> 00:08:21,000 >> OKAY, SO AIR POLLUTION STUFF? 328 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:22,635 >> YEAH. AND WE TAKE 329 00:08:22,635 --> 00:08:24,303 THESE MEASUREMENTS SO WE 330 00:08:24,303 --> 00:08:26,038 CAN VALIDATE EARTH-OBSERVING 331 00:08:26,038 --> 00:08:29,108 SATELLITES AND, YEAH. 332 00:08:29,108 --> 00:08:29,942 >> YEAH. 333 00:08:29,942 --> 00:08:31,010 >> OKAY. THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 334 00:08:31,010 --> 00:08:31,878 WHAT ABOUT YOU? 335 00:08:31,878 --> 00:08:32,712 >> I'M EMMA YATES, I'M 336 00:08:32,712 --> 00:08:33,713 A RESEARCH SCIENTIST 337 00:08:33,713 --> 00:08:35,214 ALSO WORKING WITH AJAX. 338 00:08:35,214 --> 00:08:37,984 AND, UM, I GUESS, PART OF 339 00:08:37,984 --> 00:08:40,453 OUR JOB IS TO WEAR A FLIGHT SUIT 340 00:08:40,453 --> 00:08:41,988 AND TO FLY IN THE AIRCRAFT AND 341 00:08:41,988 --> 00:08:43,623 ACT AS THE IN-SITE SCIENTIST. 342 00:08:43,623 --> 00:08:45,024 BUT MOST OF THE TIME 343 00:08:45,024 --> 00:08:46,993 WE ARE IN THE LAB WORKING 344 00:08:46,993 --> 00:08:47,960 WITH OUR INSTRUMENTS, 345 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:49,161 MAKING SURE THEY ARE TAKING 346 00:08:49,161 --> 00:08:50,329 MEASUREMENTS ACCURATELY. 347 00:08:50,329 --> 00:08:52,164 AND ALSO ANALYZING DATA 348 00:08:52,164 --> 00:08:53,032 BEHIND A COMPUTER. 349 00:08:53,032 --> 00:08:53,833 >> COOL. 350 00:08:53,833 --> 00:08:55,201 >> YOU KNOW, I THINK WE HAVE 351 00:08:55,201 --> 00:08:56,602 A PHOTO OF YOU GUYS. 352 00:08:56,602 --> 00:08:57,670 SO, BILL, CAN WE GET THAT 353 00:08:57,670 --> 00:09:00,206 BROUGHT UP ON SCREEN? 354 00:09:00,206 --> 00:09:03,609 >> THAT'S ME IN FULL FLIGHT. 355 00:09:03,609 --> 00:09:05,011 YEAH. 356 00:09:05,011 --> 00:09:05,978 >> I JUST WANNA MENTION 357 00:09:05,978 --> 00:09:07,680 THAT WE HAVE A CALL HERE 358 00:09:07,680 --> 00:09:09,181 FOR EMMA AND CAROLINE TO DO 359 00:09:09,181 --> 00:09:10,950 A FEMALE REMAKE OF "TOP GUN." 360 00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:12,485 >> OH, YEAH, I LIKE THAT IDEA. 361 00:09:12,485 --> 00:09:13,152 I LIKE THAT. 362 00:09:13,152 --> 00:09:13,886 >> WE'D LOOK PRETTY COOL 363 00:09:13,886 --> 00:09:14,587 IN THAT, RIGHT? 364 00:09:14,587 --> 00:09:15,288 >> WE'D DEFINITELY PLAY 365 00:09:15,288 --> 00:09:15,821 BEACH VOLLEYBALL. 366 00:09:15,821 --> 00:09:16,489 >> I THINK THAT NEEDS 367 00:09:16,489 --> 00:09:17,156 TO BE DONE. 368 00:09:17,156 --> 00:09:18,858 >> ON CAMPUS. ON BASE. 369 00:09:18,858 --> 00:09:20,459 >> ALL RIGHT, FANTASTIC. 370 00:09:20,459 --> 00:09:21,327 ARE YOU GUYS AT SUCH 371 00:09:21,327 --> 00:09:22,261 A HIGH ALTITUDE THAT YOU NEED 372 00:09:22,261 --> 00:09:24,563 THESE HELMETS AND MASKS? 373 00:09:24,563 --> 00:09:25,398 >> YEAH, IT'S A BIT-- 374 00:09:25,398 --> 00:09:26,165 >> IS THAT WHAT IT'S FOR? 375 00:09:26,165 --> 00:09:26,933 >> IT'S A BIT HARD TO BREATHE 376 00:09:26,933 --> 00:09:28,401 IN THE AIRCRAFT, SO, YOU KNOW, 377 00:09:28,401 --> 00:09:30,002 TO DELIVER OXYGEN WHILE-- 378 00:09:30,002 --> 00:09:31,237 >> WE-WE'VE FLOWN-- UH, 379 00:09:31,237 --> 00:09:32,104 THE AIRCRAFT'S FLOWN 380 00:09:32,104 --> 00:09:33,005 TO 40,000 FEET WITH 381 00:09:33,005 --> 00:09:33,940 OUR INSTRUMENTS ON BOARD. 382 00:09:33,940 --> 00:09:34,907 BUT TYPICALLY, WE'RE AROUND 383 00:09:34,907 --> 00:09:35,775 28,000 FEET. 384 00:09:35,775 --> 00:09:36,676 >> OH, WOW. 385 00:09:36,676 --> 00:09:37,777 >> THAT'S EIGHT OR NINE 386 00:09:37,777 --> 00:09:38,411 KILOMETERS. 387 00:09:38,411 --> 00:09:39,178 >> OKAY. SO, ARE YOU GUYS 388 00:09:39,178 --> 00:09:40,313 ACTUALLY FLYING THE PLANES 389 00:09:40,313 --> 00:09:42,315 OR DO YOU HAVE A PILOT? 390 00:09:42,315 --> 00:09:43,182 >> WE HAVE A PILOT. 391 00:09:43,182 --> 00:09:43,950 >> YEAH. 392 00:09:43,950 --> 00:09:44,784 >> IN THE LAST PICTURE YOU SAW 393 00:09:44,784 --> 00:09:45,918 THOSE TWO-TWO SEATS? 394 00:09:45,918 --> 00:09:46,619 >> OKAY. 395 00:09:46,619 --> 00:09:47,453 >> SO, PILOT IN THE FRONT 396 00:09:47,453 --> 00:09:48,487 AND THEN A SCIENTIST 397 00:09:48,487 --> 00:09:49,322 IN THE BACKSEAT. 398 00:09:49,322 --> 00:09:50,589 WHICH WE TURN OUR INSTRUMENTS 399 00:09:50,589 --> 00:09:52,058 ON AND OFF AND MAKE OBSERVATIONS 400 00:09:52,058 --> 00:09:53,092 ABOUT THE ATMOSPHERE 401 00:09:53,092 --> 00:09:54,160 AND THINGS THAT MIGHT BE 402 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:55,328 USEFUL FOR ANALYZING DATA. 403 00:09:55,328 --> 00:09:56,162 >> OKAY. 404 00:09:56,162 --> 00:09:57,163 >> SOMETIMES, WE TELL THE PILOT 405 00:09:57,163 --> 00:09:58,497 "MAYBE GO DOWN THAT ROUTE," 406 00:09:58,497 --> 00:09:59,298 YOU KNOW. 407 00:09:59,298 --> 00:09:59,966 >> OH, YEAH? 408 00:09:59,966 --> 00:10:00,733 >> YEAH, IT DEPENDS. 409 00:10:00,733 --> 00:10:01,434 BUT WE CAN GIVE THEM 410 00:10:01,434 --> 00:10:03,436 SOME GUIDANCE ON-- 411 00:10:03,436 --> 00:10:04,470 >> I HAVE A QUESTION. 412 00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:05,271 >> OH, LOOKS LIKE ABBY 413 00:10:05,271 --> 00:10:06,305 HAS A QUESTION. 414 00:10:06,305 --> 00:10:07,206 >> DOES NASA DEVELOP 415 00:10:07,206 --> 00:10:08,574 THE SENSORS USED IN THESE TESTS, 416 00:10:08,574 --> 00:10:10,843 OR ARE THEY OUTSOURCED? 417 00:10:10,843 --> 00:10:11,777 >> MIXTURE OF BOTH. 418 00:10:13,279 --> 00:10:12,478 >> YEAH. 419 00:10:13,279 --> 00:10:14,313 THE-THE GREENHOUSE GAS 420 00:10:14,313 --> 00:10:16,115 INSTRUMENT IS OUTSOURCED. 421 00:10:16,115 --> 00:10:17,917 THE METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 422 00:10:17,917 --> 00:10:20,486 SYSTEM WAS IN HOUSE AT AMES, 423 00:10:20,486 --> 00:10:22,355 AND THE FORMALDEHYDE SYSTEM 424 00:10:22,355 --> 00:10:24,090 WE HAVE WAS BUILT BY 425 00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:25,891 SOME RESEARCHERS IN GODDARD. 426 00:10:25,891 --> 00:10:26,993 >> IT'S BASED RIGHT IN 427 00:10:26,993 --> 00:10:27,860 THE NASA CENTER, YEAH. 428 00:10:27,860 --> 00:10:28,761 >> A MIXTURE OF BOTH. 429 00:10:28,761 --> 00:10:29,562 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 430 00:10:29,562 --> 00:10:30,529 >> SO, TELL US ABOUT 431 00:10:30,529 --> 00:10:32,264 YOUR COSTUMES. 432 00:10:32,264 --> 00:10:33,399 WELL, NOT REALLY COSTUMES, 433 00:10:33,399 --> 00:10:34,066 'CAUSE YOU ACTUALLY WEAR 434 00:10:34,066 --> 00:10:34,633 THAT BUT-- 435 00:10:35,835 --> 00:10:35,267 >> YEAH. 436 00:10:35,835 --> 00:10:36,402 >> WHAT DO WE HAVE GOIN' ON 437 00:10:36,402 --> 00:10:37,003 OVER HERE? 438 00:10:37,003 --> 00:10:37,703 >> UM, IT'S YOUR STANDARD 439 00:10:37,703 --> 00:10:38,304 FLIGHT SUIT. 440 00:10:38,304 --> 00:10:39,005 >> YEP. 441 00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:41,607 >> UM, WITH LOTS OF POCKETS. 442 00:10:41,607 --> 00:10:42,575 BADGE. 443 00:10:42,575 --> 00:10:44,877 UM, IT'S FIREPROOF I GUESS. 444 00:10:46,479 --> 00:10:45,778 >> HELMET. 445 00:10:46,479 --> 00:10:47,213 >> WITH A VISOR 446 00:10:47,213 --> 00:10:47,980 AND A BREATHING MASK. 447 00:10:47,980 --> 00:10:48,714 >> MM-HMM. 448 00:10:48,714 --> 00:10:49,482 IT'S PRETTY SUNNY UP THERE, 449 00:10:49,482 --> 00:10:50,316 SO WE USE THE VISORS A LOT. 450 00:10:50,316 --> 00:10:51,017 >> OH, YEAH. 451 00:10:51,017 --> 00:10:52,218 >> OKAY. SO, WHAT ARE YOU GUYS 452 00:10:52,218 --> 00:10:53,419 PUT IN THESE POCKETS? 453 00:10:53,419 --> 00:10:54,120 LIKE, I'M SURE-- 454 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:54,854 >> YEAH, YOU'VE GOT A LOT 455 00:10:54,854 --> 00:10:55,521 OF ZIPPERED POCKETS. 456 00:10:55,521 --> 00:10:56,222 >> OH, YEAH, THERE'S A LOT 457 00:10:56,222 --> 00:10:56,856 OF POCKETS. 458 00:10:56,856 --> 00:10:57,656 >> CAN NEVER HAVE ENOUGH. 459 00:10:57,656 --> 00:10:58,457 >> SO, IF WE'RE IN THE BACKSEAT 460 00:10:58,457 --> 00:10:59,492 WE WANT TO TAKE NOTES 461 00:10:59,492 --> 00:11:00,559 ABOUT TIMING OF THINGS 462 00:11:00,559 --> 00:11:01,727 AND SO, I USUALLY KEEP 463 00:11:01,727 --> 00:11:02,962 A LOT OF PENS THERE 464 00:11:02,962 --> 00:11:04,864 BECAUSE IT'S PRETTY TURBULENT 465 00:11:04,864 --> 00:11:06,432 UP THERE AND YOU CAN LOSE PENS 466 00:11:06,432 --> 00:11:07,700 AND THINGS LIKE THAT. 467 00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:08,901 SO, IT'S GREAT JUST TO HOLD 468 00:11:08,901 --> 00:11:10,903 YOUR PHONE AS WELL AS, 469 00:11:10,903 --> 00:11:12,104 LIKE, PENS. 470 00:11:12,104 --> 00:11:13,572 >> YOU KNOW, SPEAKING OF PHONES, 471 00:11:13,572 --> 00:11:15,608 I THINK-- HEY BILL, CAN WE BRING 472 00:11:15,608 --> 00:11:17,243 UP THIS PHOTO THAT WE HAVE? 473 00:11:17,243 --> 00:11:18,310 >> OH, YEAH, THAT'S-THAT'S 474 00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:19,145 A SELFIE. 475 00:11:19,145 --> 00:11:19,979 >> THAT'S A SELFIE I TOOK 476 00:11:19,979 --> 00:11:22,148 OF MYSELF ON, UH, YEAH, 477 00:11:22,148 --> 00:11:23,549 RECENT AIR, UM, FLIGHT 478 00:11:23,549 --> 00:11:24,683 IN THE WINTERTIME. 479 00:11:24,683 --> 00:11:26,052 I THINK LAST YEAR. 480 00:11:26,052 --> 00:11:27,753 >> YOU ARE SO COOL. 481 00:11:27,753 --> 00:11:29,055 >> PRETTY COOL, YEAH. 482 00:11:29,055 --> 00:11:30,222 >> DEFINITELY. 483 00:11:30,222 --> 00:11:31,057 >> YOU ALWAYS GOTTA DO IT 484 00:11:31,057 --> 00:11:31,857 FOR THE 'GRAM, EVEN WHEN 485 00:11:31,857 --> 00:11:32,491 YOU'RE WORKING. 486 00:11:32,491 --> 00:11:33,492 >> YES. YES. 487 00:11:33,492 --> 00:11:34,293 >> ON THAT NOTE, I HAVE 488 00:11:34,293 --> 00:11:35,094 A COMMENT. 489 00:11:35,094 --> 00:11:36,962 CAROL DANVERS. 490 00:11:36,962 --> 00:11:40,199 A MARVEL REFERENCE. 491 00:11:40,199 --> 00:11:42,368 >> SO IF OUR VIEWERS AT HOME 492 00:11:42,368 --> 00:11:43,936 WANTED TO GO AHEAD AND RECREATE 493 00:11:43,936 --> 00:11:45,871 THIS LOOK, WHAT WOULD WE NEED? 494 00:11:45,871 --> 00:11:47,139 >> I THINK YOU NEED TO GO DOWN 495 00:11:47,139 --> 00:11:48,474 TO HOME DEPOT OR WHEREVER 496 00:11:48,474 --> 00:11:49,875 AND GET YOUR COVERALLS. 497 00:11:49,875 --> 00:11:50,709 >> OKAY. 498 00:11:50,709 --> 00:11:51,777 >> YEAH, YOUR HARDWARE STORE 499 00:11:51,777 --> 00:11:52,711 MIGHT HAVE THOSE. 500 00:11:52,711 --> 00:11:53,579 >> YEAH, LIKE A PAINTER SUIT 501 00:11:53,579 --> 00:11:54,547 OR SOMETHING OF THE SORT. 502 00:11:54,547 --> 00:11:56,015 AND THEN A HELMET. 503 00:11:56,015 --> 00:11:57,483 MAYBE MAKE YOUR OWN VISOR 504 00:11:57,483 --> 00:11:58,584 OR MASK. 505 00:11:58,584 --> 00:11:59,919 YOU CAN GET CREATIVE WITH THAT. 506 00:11:59,919 --> 00:12:01,120 >> AND MAKE SOME BADGES, 507 00:12:01,120 --> 00:12:02,021 MAKE SOME LETTERS. 508 00:12:03,489 --> 00:12:02,788 >> YEAH. 509 00:12:03,489 --> 00:12:04,223 >> OKAY. MISSION BADGES. 510 00:12:04,223 --> 00:12:04,924 >> MMM-HMM. 511 00:12:04,924 --> 00:12:05,891 >> COOL. SOUNDS DOABLE. 512 00:12:05,891 --> 00:12:07,460 >> YEAH. 513 00:12:07,460 --> 00:12:08,260 >> AND THAT'S GONNA BE ONE 514 00:12:08,260 --> 00:12:09,628 OF THE COOLEST, I SUSPECT. 515 00:12:09,628 --> 00:12:10,830 BUT, I HAVEN'T SEEN 516 00:12:10,830 --> 00:12:11,664 ALL OF THESE COSTUMES YET. 517 00:12:11,664 --> 00:12:12,498 >> YOU HAVEN'T-- NO. 518 00:12:12,498 --> 00:12:13,232 >> THAT'S CORRECT. 519 00:12:13,232 --> 00:12:14,800 >> I DON'T KNOW WHAT AWAITS US. 520 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:16,769 AWESOME. SO COOL, YOU GUYS! 521 00:12:16,769 --> 00:12:17,670 >> ALL RIGHT. 522 00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:18,537 >> THANKS FOR JOINING US. 523 00:12:18,537 --> 00:12:19,605 >> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 524 00:12:19,605 --> 00:12:20,506 >> THANKS FOR HAVING US. 525 00:12:20,506 --> 00:12:21,307 >> YEAH. 526 00:12:21,307 --> 00:12:22,041 WELL, WE'LL BRING YOU BACK 527 00:12:22,041 --> 00:12:22,708 IN A LITTLE BIT. 528 00:12:22,708 --> 00:12:23,342 >> YEAH. 529 00:12:23,342 --> 00:12:23,909 >> ALL RIGHT. 530 00:12:23,909 --> 00:12:25,411 >> OKAY? 531 00:12:25,411 --> 00:12:26,345 >> AREN'T THEY THE COOLEST? 532 00:12:26,345 --> 00:12:27,680 DID YOU KNOW THAT THEY WERE 533 00:12:27,680 --> 00:12:29,348 THIS COOL? HAVE YOU MET 534 00:12:29,348 --> 00:12:30,316 THESE LADIES BEFORE? 535 00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:31,784 >> UM, ACTUALLY, YES. 536 00:12:31,784 --> 00:12:33,919 I MUST ADMIT WE HAVE GOTTEN 537 00:12:33,919 --> 00:12:34,920 TO MEET EARLIER. 538 00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:35,955 SO, I WAS PRETTY PSYCHED 539 00:12:35,955 --> 00:12:36,922 FOR THEIR COSTUMES. 540 00:12:36,922 --> 00:12:37,690 >> YEAH, THAT WAS 541 00:12:37,690 --> 00:12:38,657 PRETTY AWESOME. 542 00:12:38,657 --> 00:12:41,327 >> ALL RIGHT, SO, UP NEXT 543 00:12:41,327 --> 00:12:43,662 WE HAVE FLIGHT PLANNER 544 00:12:43,662 --> 00:12:44,964 KEN BOWER. 545 00:12:44,964 --> 00:12:45,631 >> OOH. 546 00:12:45,631 --> 00:12:46,365 >> SO, IF KEN IS READY, 547 00:12:46,365 --> 00:12:49,068 WHY DON'T YOU COME ON OUT? 548 00:12:49,068 --> 00:12:49,969 >> OH, NICE! 549 00:12:49,969 --> 00:12:50,970 >> NICE! 550 00:12:50,970 --> 00:12:52,204 WE'VE GOT A LEATHER JACKET. 551 00:12:52,204 --> 00:12:53,672 WE'VE GOT SOME COVERALLS 552 00:12:53,672 --> 00:12:55,207 WITH A BUNCH OF BADGES. 553 00:12:55,207 --> 00:12:57,209 I LIKE THAT. NICE. 554 00:12:57,209 --> 00:12:58,277 >> NICE! 555 00:12:58,277 --> 00:12:59,111 >> COME ON UP! 556 00:12:59,111 --> 00:13:01,647 >> WELL, COME ON DOWN, KEN. 557 00:13:01,647 --> 00:13:02,915 >> AFTERNOON, DANIELLE. 558 00:13:02,915 --> 00:13:03,616 ABBY. 559 00:13:03,616 --> 00:13:04,283 >> WELCOME! 560 00:13:04,283 --> 00:13:05,050 >> HOW ARE YOU? 561 00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:05,684 >> I AM WARM. 562 00:13:05,684 --> 00:13:06,418 >> SO, WHY DON'T YOU START IT 563 00:13:06,418 --> 00:13:07,186 OFF WITH OUR OTHER GUESTS. 564 00:13:07,186 --> 00:13:09,054 UH, WHAT IS YOUR NAME AND WHAT 565 00:13:09,054 --> 00:13:10,589 DO YOU DO HERE AT AMES? 566 00:13:10,589 --> 00:13:11,590 >> MY NAME IS KEN BOWER 567 00:13:11,590 --> 00:13:13,559 AND I PLAN SCIENCE MISSIONS 568 00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:15,261 FOR NASA'S AIRBORNE OBSERVATORY. 569 00:13:15,261 --> 00:13:16,061 >> OKAY. 570 00:13:16,061 --> 00:13:16,829 >> IT'S NAMED SOFIA, 571 00:13:16,829 --> 00:13:17,596 WHICH IS AN ACRONYM FOR 572 00:13:17,596 --> 00:13:18,697 THE STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY 573 00:13:18,697 --> 00:13:20,299 FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY, 574 00:13:20,299 --> 00:13:21,267 >> OKAY, OKAY. 575 00:13:21,267 --> 00:13:23,202 >> ANOTHER HIGH-FLYING 576 00:13:23,202 --> 00:13:24,770 RESEARCHER AND COSTUME, YEAH? 577 00:13:24,770 --> 00:13:25,838 >> YES, QUITE HIGH. 578 00:13:25,838 --> 00:13:27,173 >> YEAH, UP IN THE STRATOSPHERE. 579 00:13:27,173 --> 00:13:28,174 >> SO, IF YOU CAN BREAK IT 580 00:13:28,174 --> 00:13:29,141 DOWN TO ONE SENTENCE, 581 00:13:29,141 --> 00:13:30,309 WHAT WOULD IT BE? 582 00:13:30,309 --> 00:13:30,976 >> SOFIA? 583 00:13:30,976 --> 00:13:31,744 >> YEAH. 584 00:13:31,744 --> 00:13:33,312 >> SO, UH, MOST OF THE TIME 585 00:13:33,312 --> 00:13:34,413 WE TAKE TELESCOPES AND WE 586 00:13:34,413 --> 00:13:35,414 PUT THEM ON TOP OF MOUNTAINS 587 00:13:35,414 --> 00:13:36,382 SO THERE'S NO CLOUDS 588 00:13:36,382 --> 00:13:37,316 AND LESS SMOG AND STUFF 589 00:13:37,316 --> 00:13:37,983 IN THE WAY. 590 00:13:37,983 --> 00:13:38,717 >> OKAY. 591 00:13:38,717 --> 00:13:39,385 >> THAT'S NOT HIGH ENOUGH 592 00:13:39,385 --> 00:13:40,252 IF YOU WANTED TO DO 593 00:13:40,252 --> 00:13:41,487 INFRARED ASTRONOMY. 594 00:13:41,487 --> 00:13:42,755 SO, WHAT WE DO INSTEAD IS 595 00:13:42,755 --> 00:13:44,089 WE PUT IT INSIDE A JUMBO JET. 596 00:13:44,089 --> 00:13:45,090 WE'RE FLYING IN AN OLD 597 00:13:45,090 --> 00:13:46,792 PAN AM AIRLINES 747. 598 00:13:46,792 --> 00:13:47,626 >> WOW. 599 00:13:47,626 --> 00:13:48,928 >> A REPURPOSED TOOL. 600 00:13:48,928 --> 00:13:51,197 AND WE FLY TO 45,000 FEET 601 00:13:51,197 --> 00:13:52,264 SOMETIMES. SO, WE'RE 602 00:13:52,264 --> 00:13:53,532 THREE TIMES AS HIGH AS ALL 603 00:13:53,532 --> 00:13:54,567 THE GROUND-BASED OBSERVATORIES. 604 00:13:54,567 --> 00:13:55,334 >> OH, WOW. 605 00:13:55,334 --> 00:13:55,968 >> WOW. 606 00:13:55,968 --> 00:13:56,669 >> THREE TIMES. 607 00:13:56,669 --> 00:13:57,369 >> AND FROM THAT, YOU CAN DO 608 00:13:57,369 --> 00:13:58,103 INFRARED ASTRONOMY. 609 00:13:58,103 --> 00:13:59,605 >> OKAY, SO, LET'S BACK UP 610 00:13:59,605 --> 00:14:00,339 A LITTLE FURTHER. 611 00:14:00,339 --> 00:14:01,073 >> SURE. 612 00:14:01,073 --> 00:14:02,441 >> WHAT IS INFRARED ASTRONOMY? 613 00:14:02,441 --> 00:14:03,242 >> SO, THERE'S LOTS OF 614 00:14:03,242 --> 00:14:04,543 KINDS OF LIGHT. OKAY? 615 00:14:04,543 --> 00:14:05,444 WE-WE'RE USED TO LOTS OF COLORS 616 00:14:05,444 --> 00:14:06,745 THAT WE CAN SEE WITH OUR EYES. 617 00:14:06,745 --> 00:14:08,214 THAT'S ONLY A SMALL FRACTION 618 00:14:08,214 --> 00:14:09,281 OF ALL THE LIGHT THERE IS. 619 00:14:09,281 --> 00:14:10,449 THAT'S VISIBLE LIGHT. 620 00:14:10,449 --> 00:14:11,684 THERE'S ALSO INFRARED LIGHT, 621 00:14:11,684 --> 00:14:13,252 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, X-RAYS, 622 00:14:13,252 --> 00:14:15,287 RADIO, GAMMA RAYS, MICROWAVES, 623 00:14:15,287 --> 00:14:16,355 ALL THESE OTHER THINGS. 624 00:14:16,355 --> 00:14:17,189 THEY ALL MAKE PART OF 625 00:14:17,189 --> 00:14:18,057 THE SPECTRUM. 626 00:14:18,057 --> 00:14:18,924 AS HUMANS, WE'VE BEEN DOING 627 00:14:18,924 --> 00:14:20,659 ASTRONOMY WITH OUR EYES AS 628 00:14:20,659 --> 00:14:21,660 OUR INSTRUMENTS BY LOOKING 629 00:14:21,660 --> 00:14:23,462 AT THE SKY FOR 10,000 YEARS. 630 00:14:23,462 --> 00:14:24,663 BUT WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT 631 00:14:24,663 --> 00:14:25,998 THIS TINY SLIVER OF ALL 632 00:14:25,998 --> 00:14:27,132 THE LIGHT THAT IS AVAILABLE. 633 00:14:27,132 --> 00:14:28,133 >> MMM, WOW. 634 00:14:28,133 --> 00:14:29,735 >> SO, ONLY IN THE LAST CENTURY 635 00:14:29,735 --> 00:14:31,036 HAVE WE BEEN ABLE TO BUILD 636 00:14:31,036 --> 00:14:33,138 MORE TOOLS THAT CAN LOOK UP 637 00:14:33,138 --> 00:14:34,473 AND SEE THE SKY WITH 638 00:14:34,473 --> 00:14:35,608 NEW KINDS OF EYES. 639 00:14:35,608 --> 00:14:36,442 >> OKAY. 640 00:14:36,442 --> 00:14:37,176 >> COOL. 641 00:14:37,176 --> 00:14:38,010 >> UNFORTUNATELY, IF YOU LOOK UP 642 00:14:38,010 --> 00:14:39,044 WITH INFRARED EYES, YOU WILL 643 00:14:39,044 --> 00:14:40,279 LOOK UP AND EVERY NIGHT, 644 00:14:40,279 --> 00:14:41,213 EVERYWHERE ON EARTH, IT WILL 645 00:14:41,213 --> 00:14:42,815 BE CLOUDY AND OVERCAST. 646 00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:43,582 YOU'LL NEVER BE ABLE 647 00:14:43,582 --> 00:14:44,383 TO SEE ANYTHING. 648 00:14:44,383 --> 00:14:45,084 >> AW. 649 00:14:45,084 --> 00:14:45,784 >> YOU HAVE-- 650 00:14:45,784 --> 00:14:46,452 IT'S THE WATER VAPOR. 651 00:14:46,452 --> 00:14:47,086 >> OH. 652 00:14:47,086 --> 00:14:47,720 >> AH. 653 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:48,520 >> THE WATER IS THE KILLER. 654 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:49,255 SO, YOU HAVE TO GET ABOVE 655 00:14:49,255 --> 00:14:50,222 THE MOIST AIR THAT WE LIVE IN 656 00:14:50,222 --> 00:14:51,423 AND GO UP TO THE DRY AIR 657 00:14:51,423 --> 00:14:52,391 IN THE STRATOSPHERE. 658 00:14:52,391 --> 00:14:53,325 AND THEN YOU'RE HIGH ENOUGH 659 00:14:53,325 --> 00:14:54,226 TO DO INFRARED ASTRONOMY. 660 00:14:54,226 --> 00:14:55,027 >> AH. 661 00:14:55,027 --> 00:14:55,728 >> OKAY. 662 00:14:55,728 --> 00:14:56,528 >> WHO KNEW? YEAH. 663 00:14:56,528 --> 00:14:57,263 >> WELL, I THINK WE HAVE 664 00:14:57,263 --> 00:14:58,030 A VIDEO. 665 00:14:58,030 --> 00:14:58,631 >> SURE. 666 00:14:58,631 --> 00:14:59,298 >> YES. 667 00:14:59,298 --> 00:14:59,965 >> OF SOFIA. 668 00:14:59,965 --> 00:15:00,633 COULD WE GO AHEAD AND GET 669 00:15:00,633 --> 00:15:01,267 THAT BROUGHT UP? 670 00:15:01,267 --> 00:15:02,134 >> SO, HERE WE ARE, TAKING OFF 671 00:15:02,134 --> 00:15:03,569 FROM OUR USUAL OPERATIONS BASE 672 00:15:03,569 --> 00:15:04,703 IN PALMDALE, CALIFORNIA. 673 00:15:04,703 --> 00:15:07,172 AND, I SAID IT'S A 747, 674 00:15:07,172 --> 00:15:09,074 IT'S GONNA GET UP PRETTY HIGH. 675 00:15:09,074 --> 00:15:10,309 AND HERE WE HAVE OPENED 676 00:15:10,309 --> 00:15:11,577 THAT BIG GARAGE DOOR. 677 00:15:11,577 --> 00:15:12,978 SO, WE DID SOMETHING THAT, 678 00:15:12,978 --> 00:15:14,246 UH, BOEING NEVER WANTED TO HAVE 679 00:15:14,246 --> 00:15:15,614 HAPPEN TO ONE OF THEIR PLANES. 680 00:15:15,614 --> 00:15:17,783 WE CUT A 16-FOOT-WIDE HOLE 681 00:15:17,783 --> 00:15:18,917 IN THE AIRPLANE, 682 00:15:18,917 --> 00:15:19,885 MOUNTED A GARAGE DOOR 683 00:15:19,885 --> 00:15:21,053 THAT ROTATES OUT OF THE WAY. 684 00:15:21,053 --> 00:15:21,920 AND THEN THERE'S 685 00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:22,821 A TEN-FOOT-DIAMETER 686 00:15:22,821 --> 00:15:23,922 TELESCOPE INSIDE. 687 00:15:23,922 --> 00:15:25,858 AND WE POINT THAT UP IN THE SKY. 688 00:15:25,858 --> 00:15:27,059 UH, RIGHT NOW, 689 00:15:27,059 --> 00:15:27,993 THE TELESCOPE'S COVERED. 690 00:15:27,993 --> 00:15:28,827 YOU CAN'T QUITE SEE IT 691 00:15:28,827 --> 00:15:29,828 BECAUSE THE DAY-- 692 00:15:29,828 --> 00:15:30,729 THE SUN IS OUT-- 693 00:15:30,729 --> 00:15:32,031 BUT WE ONLY FLY AT NIGHT. 694 00:15:32,031 --> 00:15:32,931 >> OKAY. RIGHT. 695 00:15:32,931 --> 00:15:33,999 I SUPPOSE THAT MAKES SENSE. 696 00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:34,800 >> YES. 697 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:35,567 >> BUT I WOULDN'T HAVE 698 00:15:35,567 --> 00:15:36,235 THOUGHT OF IT. 699 00:15:36,235 --> 00:15:36,902 >> WE FLY ALL NIGHT. 700 00:15:36,902 --> 00:15:37,569 >> NICE. 701 00:15:37,569 --> 00:15:39,371 NOW, I HAVE THREE QUESTIONS 702 00:15:39,371 --> 00:15:40,105 THAT ARE KIND OF-- 703 00:15:40,105 --> 00:15:40,839 >> GREAT! 704 00:15:40,839 --> 00:15:41,807 >> ALL ON A-A SIMILAR TOPIC. 705 00:15:41,807 --> 00:15:42,775 ONE WAS MEANT FOR EMMA 706 00:15:42,775 --> 00:15:44,343 AND CAROLINE-- "WHAT ABOUT 707 00:15:44,343 --> 00:15:45,678 THE GRAVITY FORCE WHEN YOU FLY?" 708 00:15:45,678 --> 00:15:46,679 SO MAYBE THAT'S RELEVANT. 709 00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:48,314 AND SO, OTHERS ARE ASKING 710 00:15:48,314 --> 00:15:49,948 IS IT NOT TOO SHAKY ON A PLANE 711 00:15:49,948 --> 00:15:51,984 TO DO ASTRONOMY AND HOW DO YOU 712 00:15:51,984 --> 00:15:53,819 MITIGATE THE VIBRATIONS? 713 00:15:53,819 --> 00:15:54,987 >> OKAY. ALL-ALL RELATED. 714 00:15:54,987 --> 00:15:55,888 >> ALL RELATED, RIGHT? 715 00:15:55,888 --> 00:15:56,622 YEAH. 716 00:15:56,622 --> 00:15:57,423 >> SO, THAT'S FINE. 717 00:15:57,423 --> 00:15:58,457 UH, A 747 IS NOT 718 00:15:58,457 --> 00:15:59,625 A HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIGHTER JET. 719 00:15:59,625 --> 00:16:00,459 >> THAT IS TRUE. 720 00:16:00,459 --> 00:16:01,327 >> UH, IT'S ONLY PULLING 721 00:16:01,327 --> 00:16:03,128 1.2, 1.3 Gs, NOTHING 722 00:16:03,128 --> 00:16:04,396 SIGNIFICANT FOR US. 723 00:16:04,396 --> 00:16:05,998 SO, THAT IS NOT A BIG ISSUE 724 00:16:05,998 --> 00:16:07,633 IN-INSIDE SOFIA WHEN 725 00:16:07,633 --> 00:16:08,667 WE'RE FLYING AROUND. 726 00:16:08,667 --> 00:16:09,902 BUT, GREAT QUESTION, 727 00:16:09,902 --> 00:16:10,969 IF YOU'VE EVER JUST LOOKED UP 728 00:16:10,969 --> 00:16:12,571 WITH-WITH YOUR OWN BINOCULARS 729 00:16:12,571 --> 00:16:13,572 TRYING TO LOOK AT SATURN 730 00:16:13,572 --> 00:16:14,807 OR SOMETHING, THE THING'S 731 00:16:14,807 --> 00:16:15,841 JUMPIN' ALL OVER THE PLACE! 732 00:16:15,841 --> 00:16:16,809 WELL, IT'S YOU. 733 00:16:16,809 --> 00:16:17,609 YOU'RE THE ONE THAT'S NOT 734 00:16:17,609 --> 00:16:18,544 ABLE TO HOLD YOUR BINOCULARS 735 00:16:18,544 --> 00:16:19,278 STILL ENOUGH. 736 00:16:19,278 --> 00:16:20,045 >> YEAH. 737 00:16:20,045 --> 00:16:20,846 >> SO, YOU WANT YOUR TELESCOPE 738 00:16:20,846 --> 00:16:22,314 TO BE VERY STABLE AND SOLID 739 00:16:22,314 --> 00:16:23,649 AND PUTTING IT ON A MOVING 740 00:16:23,649 --> 00:16:24,817 PLATFORM LIKE AN AIRCRAFT 741 00:16:24,817 --> 00:16:26,051 THAT DOES THIS AND DOES THIS 742 00:16:26,051 --> 00:16:26,985 ALL THE TIME, 743 00:16:26,985 --> 00:16:28,020 DOESN'T SEEM TO WORK. 744 00:16:28,020 --> 00:16:29,588 WELL, WE BUILT A REALLY 745 00:16:29,588 --> 00:16:30,522 GOOD TELESCOPE. 746 00:16:30,522 --> 00:16:31,290 AND WE'RE IN AN INTERNATIONAL 747 00:16:31,290 --> 00:16:32,057 PARTNERSHIP. 748 00:16:32,057 --> 00:16:32,991 IT'S NOT JUST NASA, 749 00:16:32,991 --> 00:16:34,293 THE UNITED STATES, IT'S ALSO 750 00:16:34,293 --> 00:16:36,128 THE GERMAN AEROSPACE AGENCY 751 00:16:36,128 --> 00:16:37,062 THAT'S WORKING WITH US. 752 00:16:37,062 --> 00:16:37,930 >> OH, OKAY. 753 00:16:37,930 --> 00:16:38,964 >> AND, UH, THEY BUILT 754 00:16:38,964 --> 00:16:40,366 A FANTASTIC TELESCOPE. 755 00:16:40,366 --> 00:16:41,300 AND WHEN WE'RE ON BOARD 756 00:16:41,300 --> 00:16:42,234 THAT PLANE AND PEOPLE ARE 757 00:16:42,234 --> 00:16:43,135 LOOKING AT THE OUTPUT 758 00:16:43,135 --> 00:16:44,903 OF THE CAMERA, IT LOOKS LIKE 759 00:16:44,903 --> 00:16:46,004 A STILL SHOT. 760 00:16:46,004 --> 00:16:47,005 IT-- YOU CAN'T TELL THAT 761 00:16:47,005 --> 00:16:47,806 THE PLANE IS MOVING. 762 00:16:47,806 --> 00:16:48,574 >> REALLY? 763 00:16:48,574 --> 00:16:49,475 >> AND YET, I CAN BE IN 764 00:16:49,475 --> 00:16:51,210 THE PLANE WATCHING THINGS HAPPEN 765 00:16:51,210 --> 00:16:52,478 AND THE TELESCOPE IS MOVING 766 00:16:52,478 --> 00:16:53,412 ALL OVER THE PLACE. 767 00:16:53,412 --> 00:16:54,413 >> WHOA. THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 768 00:16:54,413 --> 00:16:55,114 >> SO, IT'S BEAUTIFULLY 769 00:16:55,114 --> 00:16:55,981 STABILIZED. 770 00:16:55,981 --> 00:16:57,015 UH, SO, THE ANSWER IS 771 00:16:57,015 --> 00:16:58,350 "GOOD TOOLS." OKAY? 772 00:16:58,350 --> 00:16:59,385 >> GOOD TOOLS. OKAY. YEAH. 773 00:16:59,385 --> 00:17:00,652 >> OKAY, SO, WHERE EXACTLY 774 00:17:00,652 --> 00:17:02,354 DO YOU GUYS FLY? 775 00:17:02,354 --> 00:17:03,789 >> UH, WE CAN FLY ALL OVER. 776 00:17:03,789 --> 00:17:04,823 WE'RE THE WORLD'S LARGEST 777 00:17:04,823 --> 00:17:06,392 TRANSPORTABLE TELESCOPE. 778 00:17:06,392 --> 00:17:07,159 >> MMM-HMM. 779 00:17:07,159 --> 00:17:07,826 >> OKAY. 780 00:17:07,826 --> 00:17:08,660 >> MOST OF THE TIME WE FLY OUT 781 00:17:08,660 --> 00:17:09,361 OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 782 00:17:09,361 --> 00:17:09,995 >> RIGHT. 783 00:17:09,995 --> 00:17:11,130 >> AND, UH, BUT WE'VE DEPLOYED 784 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:12,231 TO DIFFERENT PLACES. 785 00:17:12,231 --> 00:17:13,499 WHEN-WHEN AN EVENT HAPPENS, 786 00:17:13,499 --> 00:17:14,666 LIKE LAST YEAR'S ECLIPSE, 787 00:17:14,666 --> 00:17:16,235 YOU NEED TO BE WHERE IT HAPPENS 788 00:17:16,235 --> 00:17:17,002 IN ORDER TO SEE IT. 789 00:17:17,002 --> 00:17:17,736 >> RIGHT. 790 00:17:17,736 --> 00:17:18,437 >> THAT IS TRUE. 791 00:17:18,437 --> 00:17:19,104 >> AND, UH, WE'VE, 792 00:17:19,104 --> 00:17:19,905 SEVERAL TIMES, CAPTURED EVENTS 793 00:17:19,905 --> 00:17:20,639 THAT YOU HAVE TO BE 794 00:17:20,639 --> 00:17:21,874 AT EXACTLY THE RIGHT SPOT. 795 00:17:21,874 --> 00:17:23,375 THOSE ARE CALLED "OCCULTATIONS." 796 00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:25,277 SO, THAT'S A SHADOW OF PLUTO 797 00:17:25,277 --> 00:17:26,779 OR TRITON FALLING ON THE EARTH. 798 00:17:26,779 --> 00:17:27,546 >> OKAY. 799 00:17:27,546 --> 00:17:28,380 >> AND, SO WE'VE DEPLOYED 800 00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:29,314 TO DIFFERENT PLACES IN ORDER 801 00:17:29,314 --> 00:17:30,616 TO FLY OUR MISSIONS. 802 00:17:30,616 --> 00:17:33,752 AND EVERY SUMMER, WE TRY 803 00:17:33,752 --> 00:17:34,787 TO DO SOMETHIN' THAT YOU CAN 804 00:17:34,787 --> 00:17:35,954 NEVER DO FROM CALIFORNIA. 805 00:17:35,954 --> 00:17:36,755 AND THAT IS TO SEE 806 00:17:36,755 --> 00:17:37,689 THE SOUTHERN SKIES. 807 00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:38,490 >> OHH. 808 00:17:38,490 --> 00:17:39,224 >> AH. 809 00:17:39,224 --> 00:17:40,025 >> SO, WE WILL RELOCATE 810 00:17:40,025 --> 00:17:40,793 OUR BASE OF OPERATIONS FOR 811 00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:41,693 TWO MONTHS TO CHRISTCHURCH, 812 00:17:41,693 --> 00:17:42,428 NEW ZEALAND. 813 00:17:42,428 --> 00:17:43,128 >> OKAY, YEAH. 814 00:17:43,128 --> 00:17:43,796 >> SO, THE EARTH IS 815 00:17:43,796 --> 00:17:44,463 A BIG SPHERE. 816 00:17:44,463 --> 00:17:45,364 WE LIVE UP HERE. 817 00:17:45,364 --> 00:17:46,131 SO, WE CAN ALWAYS SEE 818 00:17:46,131 --> 00:17:47,299 THESE STARS, AND SOMETIMES 819 00:17:47,299 --> 00:17:48,200 WE CAN SEE THESE STARS, 820 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:49,067 AND SOMETIMES WE CAN SEE 821 00:17:49,067 --> 00:17:49,902 THESE STARS BUT WE CAN NEVER 822 00:17:49,902 --> 00:17:50,903 SEE THESE STARS! 823 00:17:50,903 --> 00:17:51,770 >> NEVER, UNLESS YOU GO 824 00:17:51,770 --> 00:17:52,404 DOWN THERE, YEAH. 825 00:17:52,404 --> 00:17:53,138 >> SO, WE RELOCATE DOWN 826 00:17:53,138 --> 00:17:53,972 TO HERE SO THAT WE CAN SEE 827 00:17:53,972 --> 00:17:54,706 THESE STARS. 828 00:17:54,706 --> 00:17:55,374 >> PRETTY COOL. 829 00:17:55,374 --> 00:17:56,141 >> VERY COOL. 830 00:17:56,141 --> 00:17:56,975 I THINK WE HAVE TIME FOR 831 00:17:56,975 --> 00:17:57,776 A COUPLE MORE QUESTIONS. 832 00:17:57,776 --> 00:17:58,444 >> I THINK WE DO. 833 00:17:58,444 --> 00:17:59,077 >> GREAT! 834 00:17:59,077 --> 00:17:59,745 >> SO I'M GONNA SQUEEZE 'EM 835 00:17:59,745 --> 00:18:00,312 IN THERE. 836 00:18:00,312 --> 00:18:00,946 WELL, HOW OFTEN DO YOU 837 00:18:00,946 --> 00:18:01,647 GO UP ON SOFIA. 838 00:18:01,647 --> 00:18:03,081 UH, I DON'T FLY THAT OFTEN. 839 00:18:03,081 --> 00:18:04,750 I MOSTLY PLAN MISSIONS. 840 00:18:04,750 --> 00:18:05,784 UH, I'M A BACKUP 841 00:18:05,784 --> 00:18:06,718 MISSION DIRECTOR WHEN 842 00:18:06,718 --> 00:18:08,053 THEY NEED SOMEBODY EXTRA. 843 00:18:08,053 --> 00:18:09,988 UH, SO, I'VE FLOWN ABOUT 844 00:18:09,988 --> 00:18:12,157 40 MISSIONS OVER SEVEN YEARS. 845 00:18:12,157 --> 00:18:13,492 UH, WE HAVE PEOPLE THAT HAVE 846 00:18:13,492 --> 00:18:14,827 FLOWN AS MANY AS 200 MISSIONS. 847 00:18:14,827 --> 00:18:15,561 >> MMM-HMM. 848 00:18:15,561 --> 00:18:16,428 >> WE FLEW LAST NIGHT. 849 00:18:16,428 --> 00:18:17,162 >> OH REALLY? 850 00:18:17,162 --> 00:18:17,996 >> WE ARE FLYING TONIGHT. 851 00:18:17,996 --> 00:18:19,364 WE ARE FLYING TOMORROW NIGHT. 852 00:18:19,364 --> 00:18:20,165 >> OKAY. 853 00:18:20,165 --> 00:18:21,233 >> GO TO F-- GO TO, UH, UH, 854 00:18:21,233 --> 00:18:22,401 YOUR FAVORITE AVIATION WEBSITE 855 00:18:22,401 --> 00:18:23,402 AND PUT IN THE TAIL NUMBER 856 00:18:23,402 --> 00:18:25,671 NASA747 AND YOU CAN FIND US 857 00:18:25,671 --> 00:18:27,005 TAKING OFF TONIGHT 858 00:18:27,005 --> 00:18:27,906 AROUND SUNSET. 859 00:18:27,906 --> 00:18:28,740 >> WOW, RIGHT. 860 00:18:28,740 --> 00:18:29,441 >> AND FLYING AROUND FOR 861 00:18:29,441 --> 00:18:30,108 TEN HOURS. 862 00:18:31,343 --> 00:18:30,776 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 863 00:18:31,343 --> 00:18:32,110 >> RIGHT, SO PEOPLE CAN TRACK 864 00:18:32,110 --> 00:18:32,711 THESE THINGS. COOL. 865 00:18:32,711 --> 00:18:33,712 UM, ONE PERSON WAS CHECKING, 866 00:18:33,712 --> 00:18:35,080 IS IT A RADIO TELESCOPE? 867 00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:36,114 AND I THINK IT'S JUST-- 868 00:18:36,114 --> 00:18:37,182 >> IT IS NOT A RADIO TELESCOPE. 869 00:18:37,182 --> 00:18:38,917 IT LOOKS LIKE A-A VISIBLE 870 00:18:38,917 --> 00:18:40,285 TELESCOPE BUT IT HAS THE RIGHT 871 00:18:40,285 --> 00:18:41,887 COATINGS AND THE RIGHT OPTICS 872 00:18:41,887 --> 00:18:43,689 SO THAT IT WORKS FOR BOTH 873 00:18:43,689 --> 00:18:45,257 VISIBLE AND INFRARED. 874 00:18:45,257 --> 00:18:46,658 >> ALL RIGHT. OKAY. 875 00:18:46,658 --> 00:18:47,526 >> WE CAN GO OUT TO ABOUT 876 00:18:47,526 --> 00:18:48,627 A MILLIMETER ON A GOOD DAY. 877 00:18:48,627 --> 00:18:49,495 >> MMM-HMM. 878 00:18:49,495 --> 00:18:50,596 >> THE SCIENCE NERDS KNOW 879 00:18:50,596 --> 00:18:51,330 WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT. 880 00:18:51,330 --> 00:18:52,064 >> OH, RIGHT. 881 00:18:52,064 --> 00:18:54,166 >> SO, IF OUR USERS AT HOME-- 882 00:18:54,166 --> 00:18:55,133 OUR VIEWERS AT HOME 883 00:18:55,133 --> 00:18:57,002 WANTED TO RECREATE YOUR LOOK, 884 00:18:57,002 --> 00:18:58,337 WHAT WOULD THEY MI-- 885 00:18:58,337 --> 00:18:59,505 WHAT WOULD THEY NEED TO DO? 886 00:18:59,505 --> 00:19:00,706 >> UH, MOSTLY IT'S NOT 887 00:19:00,706 --> 00:19:01,607 THAT HARD. 888 00:19:01,607 --> 00:19:03,208 SO, GO TO, UH, YOUR FAVORITE 889 00:19:03,208 --> 00:19:04,743 HARDWARE STORE AND BUY YOURSELF 890 00:19:04,743 --> 00:19:05,711 A PAINTER'S SMOCK 891 00:19:05,711 --> 00:19:06,845 OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 892 00:19:06,845 --> 00:19:08,747 AND THEN, GO FIND SOME 893 00:19:08,747 --> 00:19:09,615 GREAT IMAGES. 894 00:19:09,615 --> 00:19:10,849 SO, GO TO NASA.GOV, 895 00:19:10,849 --> 00:19:11,917 DOWNLOAD PICTURES OF 896 00:19:11,917 --> 00:19:13,285 THE MEATBALLS OR THINGS 897 00:19:13,285 --> 00:19:14,219 LIKE THAT AND MAKE 'EM 898 00:19:14,219 --> 00:19:15,487 BIG AND BRIGHT AND STAPLE 'EM 899 00:19:15,487 --> 00:19:16,788 ALL OVER YOUR UNIFORM. 900 00:19:16,788 --> 00:19:17,823 UH, YOU'LL HAVE A HARD TIME 901 00:19:17,823 --> 00:19:18,590 FINDING THIS ONE. 902 00:19:18,590 --> 00:19:19,791 THIS ONE'S KINDA MY FAVORITE. 903 00:19:19,791 --> 00:19:21,360 THIS IS THE SOFIA MISSION 904 00:19:21,360 --> 00:19:22,394 OPERATIONS. 905 00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:24,196 SO, SOFIAMOPS. 906 00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:24,997 >> SOFIAMOPS. 907 00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:28,400 >> SO, COUPLE FINAL SHOUT-OUTS 908 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:29,334 FOR YOU, KEN. 909 00:19:29,334 --> 00:19:30,068 >> YEAH! 910 00:19:30,068 --> 00:19:31,436 >> UH, FLYOVER TWITCHCON, 911 00:19:31,436 --> 00:19:32,271 THAT'S COMIN' UP. 912 00:19:32,271 --> 00:19:33,305 >> OKAY. 913 00:19:33,305 --> 00:19:34,573 >> PEOPLE WANNA SEE YOU. 914 00:19:34,573 --> 00:19:37,643 AND "KEN, THAT MAN IS HOT." 915 00:19:37,643 --> 00:19:39,778 "KEN LOOKS THE COOLEST 916 00:19:39,778 --> 00:19:41,713 SO FAR, FOR SURE." 917 00:19:41,713 --> 00:19:43,048 SO, YOU GOT 918 00:19:43,048 --> 00:19:44,049 A COUPLE VOTES THERE. 919 00:19:44,049 --> 00:19:44,883 >> HURRAY. 920 00:19:44,883 --> 00:19:47,352 >> THANK YOU. THANK YOU, KEN. 921 00:19:47,352 --> 00:19:48,587 WE APPRECIATE IT. 922 00:19:48,587 --> 00:19:49,388 >> ALL RIGHT. THANKS, DANIELLE. 923 00:19:49,388 --> 00:19:50,122 THANKS, ABBY. 924 00:19:50,122 --> 00:19:50,856 >> AND FOR OUR VIEWERS 925 00:19:50,856 --> 00:19:52,024 THAT ARE FILLING IN, UH, 926 00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:53,158 MAKE SURE YOU GUYS VOTE 927 00:19:53,158 --> 00:19:54,793 FOR YOUR FAVORITE COSTUMES 928 00:19:54,793 --> 00:19:56,328 AND DON'T FORGET, IF YOU GUYS 929 00:19:56,328 --> 00:19:58,130 DO USE AND OF THESE LOOKS 930 00:19:58,130 --> 00:19:59,364 OR WEAR AND SPACE-THEMED 931 00:19:59,364 --> 00:20:00,999 COSTUMES MAKE SURE YOU TAG US 932 00:20:00,999 --> 00:20:02,568 ON SOCIAL MEDIA WITH 933 00:20:02,568 --> 00:20:06,138 THE HASHTAG #NASACOSTUMES. 934 00:20:06,138 --> 00:20:07,272 >> EXCELLENT, ALL RIGHT. 935 00:20:07,272 --> 00:20:08,607 WHO IS UP NEXT, DANIELLE? 936 00:20:08,607 --> 00:20:10,342 >> UM, I THINK WE HAVE 937 00:20:10,342 --> 00:20:12,077 TED AND CHRISTINA. 938 00:20:12,077 --> 00:20:13,378 SO YOU GUYS, GO AHEAD, 939 00:20:13,378 --> 00:20:15,781 COME ON OUT. 940 00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:17,349 >> OH, YEAH. 941 00:20:18,584 --> 00:20:20,419 [ LAUGHTER ] 942 00:20:20,419 --> 00:20:23,155 THE CHOREOGRAPHY! 943 00:20:23,155 --> 00:20:26,091 WELL, WELCOME, WELCOME. 944 00:20:26,091 --> 00:20:27,159 >> THOSE ARE SOME, UH, 945 00:20:27,159 --> 00:20:28,460 PRETTY INTERESTING 'STACHES THAT 946 00:20:28,460 --> 00:20:29,695 YOU GOT GOIN' ON OVER THERE. 947 00:20:29,695 --> 00:20:30,662 >> YES, YES, YES. 948 00:20:30,662 --> 00:20:31,430 >> I HADN'T SEEN YOU GUYS 949 00:20:31,430 --> 00:20:32,164 IN A WHILE. 950 00:20:32,164 --> 00:20:32,931 I DIDN'T, UH, KNOW YOU'D 951 00:20:32,931 --> 00:20:33,699 GROWN THOSE OUT. 952 00:20:33,699 --> 00:20:34,433 >> YEAH, YEAH. 953 00:20:34,433 --> 00:20:36,201 >> NICE. WELCOME. 954 00:20:36,201 --> 00:20:37,502 SO WHAT IS GOIN' ON HERE? 955 00:20:37,502 --> 00:20:38,837 [ LAUGHTER ] 956 00:20:38,837 --> 00:20:40,072 >> WELL, WELL, WE'RE-WE'RE HERE 957 00:20:40,072 --> 00:20:41,473 TO REPRESENT THE WIND TUNNELS 958 00:20:41,473 --> 00:20:42,474 AND TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 959 00:20:42,474 --> 00:20:43,809 WHAT WE DO, AND SHOW YOU WHAT 960 00:20:43,809 --> 00:20:45,644 WE WEAR IN A TYPICAL WORK DAY. 961 00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:47,312 >> A TYPICAL WORK DAY. 962 00:20:47,312 --> 00:20:48,680 FIRST, LET'S INTRODUCE OURSELVES 963 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:49,948 SO YOU GUYS CAN BE FAMILIAR 964 00:20:49,948 --> 00:20:50,782 WITH THE AUDIENCE. 965 00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:51,783 >> YEAH, YEAH. 966 00:20:51,783 --> 00:20:53,018 I'M-I'M TED GARBEFF. 967 00:20:53,018 --> 00:20:54,686 I'M AN INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEER, 968 00:20:54,686 --> 00:20:56,288 UM, IN OUR WIND TUNNELS 969 00:20:56,288 --> 00:20:57,656 HERE AT AMES RESEARCH CENTER. 970 00:20:57,656 --> 00:20:59,224 >> UH, MY NAME'S CHRISTINA NGO. 971 00:20:59,224 --> 00:21:00,726 I'M ALSO A INSTRUMENTATION 972 00:21:00,726 --> 00:21:02,127 ENGINEER IN WIND TUNNEL SYSTEMS. 973 00:21:02,127 --> 00:21:03,161 UM, WE DO A LOT-- 974 00:21:03,161 --> 00:21:04,429 LITTLE MORE STRUCTURE DYNAMICS, 975 00:21:04,429 --> 00:21:06,832 AND WE BOTH DO IMAGE ANALYSIS. 976 00:21:06,832 --> 00:21:08,100 >> ALL RIGHTY, SO, YOU GUYS 977 00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:09,368 MENTIONED WIND TUNNELS. 978 00:21:09,368 --> 00:21:10,535 LIKE, WHAT ARE THOSE? 979 00:21:10,535 --> 00:21:12,204 LIKE, WHY DO WE USE THEM? 980 00:21:12,204 --> 00:21:13,171 >> YEAH, WELL, UH, 981 00:21:13,171 --> 00:21:14,673 THE FIRST A IN NASA, RIGHT, 982 00:21:14,673 --> 00:21:15,874 IS AERONAUTICS. 983 00:21:15,874 --> 00:21:18,043 AND SO NASA HAS THESE COOL IDEAS 984 00:21:18,043 --> 00:21:19,378 FOR NEW KINDS OF AIRPLANES 985 00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:20,746 AND ROCKETS AND STUFF. 986 00:21:20,746 --> 00:21:21,747 AND BEFORE YOU BUILD 987 00:21:21,747 --> 00:21:22,781 THE REAL THING, YOU WANNA 988 00:21:22,781 --> 00:21:24,116 TEST OUT YOUR IDEA 989 00:21:24,116 --> 00:21:25,083 WITHOUT BUILDING, LIKE, 990 00:21:25,083 --> 00:21:25,917 THE FULL-SCALE THING. 991 00:21:25,917 --> 00:21:26,618 AND THAT'S WHAT WE USE 992 00:21:26,618 --> 00:21:27,486 WIND TUNNELS FOR. 993 00:21:27,486 --> 00:21:28,487 UM, AND INCIDENTALLY, 994 00:21:28,487 --> 00:21:29,655 YOU KNOW, I SAID ROCKETS 995 00:21:29,655 --> 00:21:30,789 AND WIND TUNNELS. 996 00:21:30,789 --> 00:21:31,623 YOU MIGHT THINK, 997 00:21:31,623 --> 00:21:32,491 "OH, ROCKETS ARE IN SPACE. 998 00:21:32,491 --> 00:21:33,392 THERE'S NO AIR IN SPACE." 999 00:21:33,392 --> 00:21:34,493 BUT THE HARDEST THING 1000 00:21:34,493 --> 00:21:35,794 ABOUT BUILDING A ROCKET 1001 00:21:35,794 --> 00:21:36,795 IS GETTING THROUGH THE AIR 1002 00:21:36,795 --> 00:21:37,929 TO GET TO SPACE. 1003 00:21:37,929 --> 00:21:38,964 >> OKAY, GETTING IT OFF 1004 00:21:38,964 --> 00:21:39,765 OF EARTH. 1005 00:21:39,765 --> 00:21:40,565 >> WE DO A LOT OF TESTING 1006 00:21:40,565 --> 00:21:41,366 ROCKETS IN THE WIND TUNNELS. 1007 00:21:41,366 --> 00:21:42,100 >> ALL RIGHT. 1008 00:21:42,100 --> 00:21:42,901 >> AND HERE AT AMES, WE HAVE 1009 00:21:42,901 --> 00:21:43,969 SOME REALLY COOL WIND TUNNELS. 1010 00:21:43,969 --> 00:21:44,970 WE'VE GOT THE BIGGEST 1011 00:21:44,970 --> 00:21:46,138 WIND TUNNEL IN THE WORLD, 1012 00:21:46,138 --> 00:21:47,172 THE NATIONAL FULL-SCALE 1013 00:21:47,172 --> 00:21:48,073 AERODYNAMICS COMPLEX. 1014 00:21:48,073 --> 00:21:50,575 IT'S 80 BY 120 FEET WIDE 1015 00:21:50,575 --> 00:21:51,610 TEST SECTION, SO YOU CAN FIT 1016 00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:53,278 FULL-SIZE AIRCRAFT IN IT. 1017 00:21:53,278 --> 00:21:54,546 >> THAT'S RIDICULOUSLY HUGE. 1018 00:21:54,546 --> 00:21:56,314 >> WE ALSO HAVE REALLY FAST 1019 00:21:56,314 --> 00:21:57,182 WIND TUNNELS. 1020 00:21:57,182 --> 00:21:58,150 WE HAVE THE UNITARY PLAN 1021 00:21:58,150 --> 00:21:59,084 WIND TUNNEL, WHICH CAN GO UP 1022 00:21:59,084 --> 00:22:00,952 TO MACH 2.5 AND 2 ATMOSPHERES 1023 00:22:00,952 --> 00:22:02,220 OF PRESSURE AND DO LOTS 1024 00:22:02,220 --> 00:22:03,055 OF DIFFERENT THINGS. 1025 00:22:03,055 --> 00:22:04,022 >> I THINK WE HAVE A PHOTO OF-- 1026 00:22:04,022 --> 00:22:05,557 I THINK-- I THINK THIS IS 1027 00:22:05,557 --> 00:22:06,658 THE UNITARY PLAN. 1028 00:22:06,658 --> 00:22:07,426 CAN WE GO AHEAD AND BRING 1029 00:22:07,426 --> 00:22:08,960 THAT UP ON SCREEN? 1030 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:10,529 >> OH, YEAH. 1031 00:22:10,529 --> 00:22:11,196 >> CHRISTINA CAN TALK 1032 00:22:11,196 --> 00:22:12,097 ABOUT THAT. 1033 00:22:12,097 --> 00:22:13,231 >> SO, UH, WHEN-- SOME OF 1034 00:22:13,231 --> 00:22:14,032 THE TECHNIQUES WE USE, 1035 00:22:14,032 --> 00:22:15,767 IT'S ACTUALLY IMAGE PROCESSING, 1036 00:22:15,767 --> 00:22:18,837 AND WE USE, UH, VERY NICE, 1037 00:22:18,837 --> 00:22:20,005 NEON PINK PAINT. 1038 00:22:20,005 --> 00:22:20,806 AND ONE OF-- 1039 00:22:20,806 --> 00:22:22,040 WHAT THIS PAINT DOES IS, UH, 1040 00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:23,375 IT'S PRESSURE SENSITIVE. 1041 00:22:23,375 --> 00:22:24,309 SO WE ILLUMINATE WITH 1042 00:22:24,309 --> 00:22:25,243 U.V. LIGHTS. 1043 00:22:25,243 --> 00:22:26,111 >> OKAY. 1044 00:22:26,111 --> 00:22:27,112 >> AND, UH, DEPENDING ON 1045 00:22:27,112 --> 00:22:28,046 HOW MUCH IS ILLUMINATED 1046 00:22:28,046 --> 00:22:28,780 IS ACTUALLY PROPORTIONAL 1047 00:22:28,780 --> 00:22:29,715 TO PRESSURE. 1048 00:22:29,715 --> 00:22:32,150 SO, A LOT OF THE TIMES, UM, 1049 00:22:32,150 --> 00:22:33,785 YOU COULD SEE LITTLE TINY PORTS. 1050 00:22:33,785 --> 00:22:34,786 YOU SEE THE LITTLE BLACK DOTS 1051 00:22:34,786 --> 00:22:35,620 ON THE MODEL? 1052 00:22:35,620 --> 00:22:36,688 SO YOU'RE MEASURING PRESSURES. 1053 00:22:36,688 --> 00:22:37,589 >> YEP, OKAY. 1054 00:22:37,589 --> 00:22:39,057 >> WITH OUR IMAGING TECHNIQUE, 1055 00:22:39,057 --> 00:22:40,325 BASICALLY, EVERY SINGLE PIXEL 1056 00:22:40,325 --> 00:22:41,526 IS A PRESSURE MEASUREMENT. 1057 00:22:41,526 --> 00:22:42,694 SO YOU'RE BASICALLY MEASURING 1058 00:22:42,694 --> 00:22:43,995 MILLIONS OF PRESSURES 1059 00:22:43,995 --> 00:22:45,130 ON THE SURFACE OF THE MODEL. 1060 00:22:45,130 --> 00:22:46,064 >> OKAY, BECAUSE THE PAINT 1061 00:22:46,064 --> 00:22:47,132 IS LIKE A SENSOR, RIGHT? 1062 00:22:47,132 --> 00:22:48,066 >> EXACTLY, THE PAINT IS 1063 00:22:48,066 --> 00:22:48,867 A SENSOR. 1064 00:22:48,867 --> 00:22:49,701 >> IT'S REACTING TO 1065 00:22:49,701 --> 00:22:50,402 THE AIR PRESSURE. 1066 00:22:50,402 --> 00:22:51,136 I GOT TO WRITE ABOUT THIS ONCE. 1067 00:22:51,136 --> 00:22:51,903 IT WAS VERY EXCITING. 1068 00:22:51,903 --> 00:22:52,671 >> YEAH. 1069 00:22:52,671 --> 00:22:53,772 >> SO, LIKE, THE-THE AIR IS 1070 00:22:53,772 --> 00:22:54,973 BLASTING AGAINST THAT MODEL, 1071 00:22:54,973 --> 00:22:56,041 AND YOU CAN MEASURE THE PRESSURE 1072 00:22:56,041 --> 00:22:56,908 THAT'S HITTING IT? 1073 00:22:56,908 --> 00:22:58,276 >> YEAH, SO, THE-THE-THE PAINT 1074 00:22:58,276 --> 00:22:59,244 ACTUALLY GETS QUENCHED 1075 00:22:59,244 --> 00:23:00,212 BY OXYGEN. 1076 00:23:00,212 --> 00:23:01,713 UM, AND DEPENDS HOW MUCH OXYGEN 1077 00:23:01,713 --> 00:23:02,848 IS ON THERE-- THAT'S HOW MUCH 1078 00:23:02,848 --> 00:23:04,049 THE PAINT IS ILLUMINATED, 1079 00:23:04,049 --> 00:23:04,916 WHICH IS HOW WE GET 1080 00:23:04,916 --> 00:23:05,550 THE PRESSURES. 1081 00:23:05,550 --> 00:23:06,218 >> ALL RIGHT, 1082 00:23:06,218 --> 00:23:07,119 THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1083 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:08,019 A ZILLION LITTLE POINTS. 1084 00:23:08,019 --> 00:23:08,687 SUPER COOL. 1085 00:23:08,687 --> 00:23:09,921 WHAT-WHAT WAS THAT MODEL? 1086 00:23:09,921 --> 00:23:10,989 >> OH, THAT WAS THE SPACE 1087 00:23:10,989 --> 00:23:13,024 LAUNCH SYSTEM, WHICH IS, UH, 1088 00:23:13,024 --> 00:23:14,659 ONE OF THE-THE NEW BIG ROCKETS 1089 00:23:14,659 --> 00:23:15,794 NASA'S WORKING ON. 1090 00:23:15,794 --> 00:23:16,762 >> OKAY, THAT'S ACTUALLY-- 1091 00:23:16,762 --> 00:23:17,529 THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1092 00:23:17,529 --> 00:23:18,330 YOU GUYS GET TO-- 1093 00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:19,030 >> YEAH, WE ALSO-- 1094 00:23:19,030 --> 00:23:19,831 WE ALSO, LIKE, SUPPORT 1095 00:23:19,831 --> 00:23:20,632 COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH. 1096 00:23:20,632 --> 00:23:21,600 SO, WE WORK WITH 1097 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:22,734 BOEING AND SPACEX, 1098 00:23:22,734 --> 00:23:23,869 UNITED LAUNCH ALLIANCE. 1099 00:23:23,869 --> 00:23:24,669 >> OKAY. 1100 00:23:24,669 --> 00:23:25,470 >> UM, ANYTHING COMMERCIAL 1101 00:23:25,470 --> 00:23:26,571 CREW RELATED, TOO. 1102 00:23:26,571 --> 00:23:27,272 >> COOL, A LOTTA 1103 00:23:27,272 --> 00:23:28,073 DIFFERENT THINGS. 1104 00:23:28,073 --> 00:23:28,807 I'VE GOT SOME QUESTIONS 1105 00:23:28,807 --> 00:23:30,041 AND COMMENTS, LIKE, 1106 00:23:30,041 --> 00:23:31,243 "THAT'S SO COOL!" 1107 00:23:31,243 --> 00:23:32,043 [ LAUGHTER ] 1108 00:23:32,043 --> 00:23:32,744 I DON'T KNOW WHAT 1109 00:23:32,744 --> 00:23:33,478 THEY'RE REFERRING TO, 1110 00:23:33,478 --> 00:23:34,146 BUT IT'S ALL COOL. 1111 00:23:34,146 --> 00:23:34,813 >> YEAH. 1112 00:23:34,813 --> 00:23:36,281 >> UM, "I BET WIND TUNNELS 1113 00:23:36,281 --> 00:23:37,149 ARE SUPER FUN TO 1114 00:23:37,149 --> 00:23:37,916 MESS AROUND WITH." 1115 00:23:37,916 --> 00:23:38,850 >> YEAH. 1116 00:23:38,850 --> 00:23:39,818 >> WOULD YOU AGREE? 1117 00:23:39,818 --> 00:23:40,585 >> ABSOLUTELY. 1118 00:23:40,585 --> 00:23:41,286 >> YEAH, YEAH, IT'S FUN. 1119 00:23:41,286 --> 00:23:42,287 BUT IT'S DEFINITELY, LIKE, 1120 00:23:42,287 --> 00:23:43,922 YOU KNOW, A DANGEROUS WORK AREA. 1121 00:23:43,922 --> 00:23:45,190 >> YEAH, IS THAT-- IS THAT 1122 00:23:45,190 --> 00:23:46,958 WHY YOU GUYS GOT THESE, UH-- 1123 00:23:46,958 --> 00:23:48,560 >> YEAH, OFTENTIMES YOU'RE 1124 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:49,361 GETTING-- YOU KNOW, 1125 00:23:49,361 --> 00:23:50,362 THERE'S LOTS OF, YOU KNOW, 1126 00:23:50,362 --> 00:23:51,963 HYDRAULIC FLUID, AND... 1127 00:23:51,963 --> 00:23:52,798 >> YEAH, THINGS WE HAVE 1128 00:23:52,798 --> 00:23:53,765 TO INSTALL, LIKE, THE-THE PAINT 1129 00:23:53,765 --> 00:23:55,033 ISN'T VERY SAFE, EITHER, 1130 00:23:55,033 --> 00:23:56,001 TO THE SKIN. 1131 00:23:56,001 --> 00:23:57,636 SO, WE KINDA WEAR THESE SUITS 1132 00:23:57,636 --> 00:23:58,837 TO MAKE SURE WE GET, 1133 00:23:58,837 --> 00:23:59,871 YOU KNOW-- SAFETY. 1134 00:23:59,871 --> 00:24:00,806 >> YEAH. 1135 00:24:00,806 --> 00:24:01,840 >> OFTENTIMES WE'RE USING 1136 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:03,742 REALLY BRIGHT LIGHT SOURCES, 1137 00:24:03,742 --> 00:24:05,577 LASERS, OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, 1138 00:24:05,577 --> 00:24:06,878 SO, YOU KNOW, WEARING 1139 00:24:06,878 --> 00:24:08,547 EYE PROTECTION IS IMPORTANT. 1140 00:24:08,547 --> 00:24:10,682 >> SO, IF WE WANT TO DO THIS 1141 00:24:10,682 --> 00:24:12,150 AT HOME, WHAT WOULD YOU MIGHT-- 1142 00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:13,285 WHAT MIGHT YOU SUGGEST FOR 1143 00:24:13,285 --> 00:24:15,187 OUR COSTUME IDEAS? 1144 00:24:15,187 --> 00:24:16,521 >> WELL, UH, I THINK GOING 1145 00:24:16,521 --> 00:24:17,489 TO THE HOME IMPROVEMENT STORE 1146 00:24:17,489 --> 00:24:18,356 FOR US, TOO, GETTING 1147 00:24:18,356 --> 00:24:19,591 A NICE PAINT SUIT. 1148 00:24:19,591 --> 00:24:20,826 >> YEAH, IT HELPS TO 1149 00:24:20,826 --> 00:24:21,459 ROLL AROUND IN LIKE 1150 00:24:21,459 --> 00:24:22,427 A PUDDLE OF OIL, THOUGH. 1151 00:24:22,427 --> 00:24:24,462 [ LAUGHTER ] 1152 00:24:24,462 --> 00:24:26,164 >> FOR AN AUTHENTIC TOUCH. 1153 00:24:26,164 --> 00:24:26,998 >> AND YOU HAVE TO HAVE 1154 00:24:26,998 --> 00:24:28,433 A MOUSTACHE WHERE WE WORK. 1155 00:24:28,433 --> 00:24:30,035 >> SPEAKING OF THAT, 1156 00:24:30,035 --> 00:24:31,203 I HAVE A QUESTION. 1157 00:24:31,203 --> 00:24:32,871 TED, CHRISTINA, "HOW CAN I 1158 00:24:32,871 --> 00:24:34,272 GROW A MOUSTACHE LIKE THAT?" 1159 00:24:34,272 --> 00:24:35,173 [ LAUGHTER ] 1160 00:24:35,173 --> 00:24:37,042 >> OH, UH, BROCCOLI. 1161 00:24:37,042 --> 00:24:38,643 >> BROCCOLI, YES, YES. 1162 00:24:38,643 --> 00:24:41,279 IT'S ALL ABOUT DIET. YEAH. 1163 00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:42,180 >> I'D LIKE TO POINT OUT 1164 00:24:42,180 --> 00:24:42,914 THE GLASSES. 1165 00:24:42,914 --> 00:24:43,648 >> YES. 1166 00:24:43,648 --> 00:24:44,282 >> YOU CAN PICK UP 1167 00:24:44,282 --> 00:24:44,983 WHEREVER YOU PICK UP 1168 00:24:44,983 --> 00:24:45,817 YOUR HIGH POWERED LASER. 1169 00:24:45,817 --> 00:24:46,585 >> OKAY. 1170 00:24:46,585 --> 00:24:47,252 >> ALL RIGHT, 1171 00:24:47,252 --> 00:24:48,053 WHILE YOU'RE THERE, 1172 00:24:48,053 --> 00:24:48,887 YOU CAN GET THE GLASSES. 1173 00:24:48,887 --> 00:24:49,554 >> BE SURE TO GET SOME 1174 00:24:49,554 --> 00:24:50,388 EYE PROTECTION, YEAH. 1175 00:24:50,388 --> 00:24:51,089 >> I HAVE A COUPLE QUICK 1176 00:24:51,089 --> 00:24:52,924 QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR EDUCATION. 1177 00:24:52,924 --> 00:24:54,292 "WHAT TRAINING AND EDUCATION 1178 00:24:54,292 --> 00:24:55,994 DID YOU NEED TO DO WHAT YOU DO?" 1179 00:24:55,994 --> 00:24:57,229 AND RELATED: "DOES NASA 1180 00:24:57,229 --> 00:24:58,396 LIKE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS 1181 00:24:58,396 --> 00:24:59,831 OR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS WITH 1182 00:24:59,831 --> 00:25:02,534 A FOCUS IN AEROSPACE MORE?" 1183 00:25:02,534 --> 00:25:03,702 WHICH MIGHT BE A BETTER PATH 1184 00:25:03,702 --> 00:25:04,836 TO DO WHAT YOU DO? 1185 00:25:04,836 --> 00:25:05,737 >> SO FOR OUR BRANCH, 1186 00:25:05,737 --> 00:25:06,805 ACTUALLY, WE HAVE, UH, 1187 00:25:06,805 --> 00:25:07,639 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, 1188 00:25:07,639 --> 00:25:08,473 MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, 1189 00:25:08,473 --> 00:25:09,674 AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERS. 1190 00:25:09,674 --> 00:25:10,976 UM, I [ INDISTINCT ] AS 1191 00:25:10,976 --> 00:25:12,043 A MECHANICAL ENGINEER, 1192 00:25:12,043 --> 00:25:12,911 BUT I CONCENTRATE MORE 1193 00:25:12,911 --> 00:25:14,045 IN, UH, AERODYNAMICS. 1194 00:25:14,045 --> 00:25:14,880 AND I THINK-- 1195 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:15,647 >> YEAH, I'M AN AEROSPACE 1196 00:25:15,647 --> 00:25:17,349 ENGINEER. UM, BUT YEAH, 1197 00:25:17,349 --> 00:25:18,817 A LOT OF WHAT WE DO IS, 1198 00:25:18,817 --> 00:25:20,619 UM, YOU KNOW, RELATED TO 1199 00:25:20,619 --> 00:25:22,487 ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL. 1200 00:25:22,487 --> 00:25:23,989 UM, YEAH, SO IT'S NOT SO MUCH, 1201 00:25:23,989 --> 00:25:25,457 YOU KNOW, SPECIFIC TO LIKE 1202 00:25:25,457 --> 00:25:27,025 HAVING THAT RIGHT DEGREE. 1203 00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:28,560 IT'S MORE OF, LIKE, YOU KNOW, 1204 00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:29,728 HAVING THE BACKGROUND 1205 00:25:29,728 --> 00:25:30,929 AND INTEREST IN THE KIND OF 1206 00:25:30,929 --> 00:25:31,663 THINGS THAT WE DO. 1207 00:25:31,663 --> 00:25:32,530 >> MM-KAY. 1208 00:25:32,530 --> 00:25:33,531 CAN I SQUEEZE IN A FEW MORE? 1209 00:25:33,531 --> 00:25:34,399 I THINK WE HAVE TIME. 1210 00:25:34,399 --> 00:25:35,433 >> I THINK WE DO. 1211 00:25:35,433 --> 00:25:36,468 WE CAN DO ONE MORE QUESTION 1212 00:25:36,468 --> 00:25:37,235 FOR YOU GUYS. 1213 00:25:37,235 --> 00:25:38,069 >> OKAY, OKAY. 1214 00:25:38,069 --> 00:25:38,937 IN THE WIND TUNNEL, 1215 00:25:38,937 --> 00:25:40,138 HOT OR COLD AIR? 1216 00:25:40,138 --> 00:25:41,206 "DO YOU USE ONLY COLD AIR 1217 00:25:41,206 --> 00:25:42,173 OR ALSO WARM AIR?" 1218 00:25:42,173 --> 00:25:42,974 IS THE QUESTION. 1219 00:25:42,974 --> 00:25:43,942 >> THAT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION. 1220 00:25:43,942 --> 00:25:45,143 NO, SO, W-WE, UH, WE USE 1221 00:25:45,143 --> 00:25:47,112 JUST AIR THAT WE GET 1222 00:25:47,112 --> 00:25:48,146 FROM THE OUTSIDE. 1223 00:25:48,146 --> 00:25:49,447 SO IT COULD BE HOT OR COLD, 1224 00:25:49,447 --> 00:25:50,515 BUT, UH, IT ACTUALLY CHANGES 1225 00:25:50,515 --> 00:25:51,650 SOME OF OUR VARIABLES 1226 00:25:51,650 --> 00:25:53,018 DEPENDING ON IF IT'S A HUMID DAY 1227 00:25:53,018 --> 00:25:53,919 OR NOT HUMID DAY. 1228 00:25:53,919 --> 00:25:54,819 >> OH, AH. 1229 00:25:54,819 --> 00:25:55,754 >> THERE'S OTHER TUNNELS 1230 00:25:55,754 --> 00:25:57,489 THAT USES LIKE A-A REFRIGERANT, 1231 00:25:57,489 --> 00:25:59,724 R134a, TO GET, UH, HIGHER 1232 00:25:59,724 --> 00:26:01,293 DENSITY TO-- SO YOU COULD 1233 00:26:01,293 --> 00:26:02,594 HAVE DIFFERENT FLOW PHENOMENON. 1234 00:26:02,594 --> 00:26:03,762 SO YOU COULD USE 1235 00:26:03,762 --> 00:26:05,196 ANY KINDA REALLY FLUIDS, 1236 00:26:05,196 --> 00:26:06,131 DEPENDING ON THE TUNNEL. 1237 00:26:06,131 --> 00:26:07,032 >> OH, WOW. YOU CAN CONTROL-- 1238 00:26:07,032 --> 00:26:07,933 >> AND YEAH, JUST LIKE, 1239 00:26:07,933 --> 00:26:09,701 FOR REFERENCE, LIKE THE TOTAL 1240 00:26:09,701 --> 00:26:10,669 TEMPERATURE IN A TUNNEL 1241 00:26:10,669 --> 00:26:11,569 LIKE VARIES BETWEEN 1242 00:26:11,569 --> 00:26:12,771 50 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND 100. 1243 00:26:12,771 --> 00:26:13,905 >> OKAY. 1244 00:26:13,905 --> 00:26:14,973 >> SO THAT'S KINDA THE RANGE, 1245 00:26:14,973 --> 00:26:15,774 DEPENDING ON WHAT-- 1246 00:26:15,774 --> 00:26:16,508 >> VERY COOL. 1247 00:26:16,508 --> 00:26:17,208 >> INTERESTING. 1248 00:26:17,208 --> 00:26:18,376 >> WELL, THANK YOU, 1249 00:26:18,376 --> 00:26:19,311 TED AND CHRISTINA. 1250 00:26:19,311 --> 00:26:20,712 IT HAS BEEN A PLEASURE. 1251 00:26:20,712 --> 00:26:22,514 >> YEAH, WE'LL SEE YOU 1252 00:26:22,514 --> 00:26:23,715 RIGHT BACK OUT HERE. 1253 00:26:23,715 --> 00:26:24,616 >> WE ARE, IN A MOMENT. 1254 00:26:24,616 --> 00:26:25,383 >> BECAUSE WE'RE GONNA 1255 00:26:25,383 --> 00:26:26,484 GO INTO OUR VOTING. 1256 00:26:26,484 --> 00:26:27,352 >> YEAH, SO YOU GUYS CAN 1257 00:26:27,352 --> 00:26:28,787 HEAD BACKSTAGE, AND THEN 1258 00:26:28,787 --> 00:26:29,688 WE'RE GONNA CALL YOU BACK OUT 1259 00:26:29,688 --> 00:26:31,690 ONE BY ONE FOR VOTING. 1260 00:26:31,690 --> 00:26:32,857 >> THANK YOU. 1261 00:26:32,857 --> 00:26:33,692 >> THANKS, GUYS. 1262 00:26:33,692 --> 00:26:35,627 >> SO, UH, LET'S GO AHEAD 1263 00:26:35,627 --> 00:26:37,362 AND BRING BACK OUT ALL OF 1264 00:26:37,362 --> 00:26:38,630 OUR CONTESTANTS SO THAT WE 1265 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:40,999 CAN VOTE ON THE BEST COSTUME. 1266 00:26:40,999 --> 00:26:42,233 >> YEAH, AND PEOPLE WATCHING, 1267 00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:43,268 YOU CAN LEAVE YOUR VOTES 1268 00:26:43,268 --> 00:26:44,235 IN THE CHAT. 1269 00:26:44,235 --> 00:26:46,338 WE'LL, UH, SEE ABOUT THAT. 1270 00:26:47,672 --> 00:26:50,375 [ MUSIC ] 1271 00:26:50,375 --> 00:26:51,509 >> EGLE. 1272 00:26:51,509 --> 00:26:53,845 OH, CAROLINE. EMMA. 1273 00:26:53,845 --> 00:26:54,746 >> OKAY. 1274 00:26:54,746 --> 00:26:55,847 >> HERE THEY ALL ARE. 1275 00:26:55,847 --> 00:26:59,718 >> SO UP FIRST, WE HAVE EGLE. 1276 00:26:59,718 --> 00:27:00,952 >> GIVE US ANOTHER-NOTHER 1277 00:27:00,952 --> 00:27:03,054 LOOK AT THAT FINE OUTFIT. 1278 00:27:03,054 --> 00:27:05,991 BRILLIANT. 1279 00:27:05,991 --> 00:27:07,726 >> OKAY, UP NEXT WE'VE GOT 1280 00:27:07,726 --> 00:27:10,528 CAROLINE AND EMMA. 1281 00:27:10,528 --> 00:27:13,298 >> IN THEIR AJAX FLIGHT SUITS. 1282 00:27:13,298 --> 00:27:15,066 HECK, YEAH. 1283 00:27:15,066 --> 00:27:17,902 >> UP NEXT, WE'VE GOT KEN. 1284 00:27:17,902 --> 00:27:20,505 >> HIGH FLYIN' KEN. 1285 00:27:20,505 --> 00:27:22,640 FROM NASA'S FLYING TELESCOPE. 1286 00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:23,842 >> AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 1287 00:27:23,842 --> 00:27:26,811 WE'VE GOT TED AND CHRISTINA. 1288 00:27:26,811 --> 00:27:30,415 >> AND THEIR MOUSTACHES. 1289 00:27:30,415 --> 00:27:33,251 ALSO CONTENDING FOR THE PRIZE. 1290 00:27:33,251 --> 00:27:35,954 ALL RIGHT, YOU GUYS READY? 1291 00:27:35,954 --> 00:27:37,288 >> I THINK THEY ARE. 1292 00:27:37,288 --> 00:27:38,790 >> DUN-DA-DA-DUN! 1293 00:27:38,790 --> 00:27:41,126 THE WINNER IS KEN! 1294 00:27:41,126 --> 00:27:43,261 IT'S KEN FROM [ INDISTINCT ]. 1295 00:27:43,261 --> 00:27:45,563 >> NICE. 1296 00:27:45,563 --> 00:27:47,198 >> CONGRATULATIONS, KEN. 1297 00:27:47,198 --> 00:27:48,633 BUT YOU GUYS ALL LOOK AMAZING. 1298 00:27:48,633 --> 00:27:49,501 >> YOU GUYS DO. 1299 00:27:49,501 --> 00:27:50,402 WELL, THANK YOU GUYS FOR 1300 00:27:50,402 --> 00:27:51,202 COMIN' ON OUR SHOW. 1301 00:27:51,202 --> 00:27:52,337 >> YEAH. EVERYBODY TAKE 1302 00:27:52,337 --> 00:27:53,338 ONE LAST LOOK BEFORE YOU 1303 00:27:53,338 --> 00:27:54,706 HEAD TO THE HARDWARE STORE, 1304 00:27:54,706 --> 00:27:55,874 WHERE MOST OF THESE OUTFITS 1305 00:27:55,874 --> 00:27:56,775 ARE COMIN' FROM. 1306 00:27:56,775 --> 00:27:58,977 [ LAUGHTER ] 1307 00:27:58,977 --> 00:28:00,111 THANK YOU GUYS. 1308 00:28:00,111 --> 00:28:01,413 IT'S BEEN GREAT. 1309 00:28:01,413 --> 00:28:02,514 >> AND SO FOR OUR VIEWERS 1310 00:28:02,514 --> 00:28:03,782 AT HOME, DON'T FORGET-- 1311 00:28:03,782 --> 00:28:04,916 IF YOU GUYS DO END UP 1312 00:28:04,916 --> 00:28:06,718 USING SOME OF THESE, UH, LOOKS 1313 00:28:06,718 --> 00:28:09,354 OR ANY SPACE INSPIRED COSTUMES, 1314 00:28:09,354 --> 00:28:10,955 WE'D LOVE TO SEE THEM. 1315 00:28:10,955 --> 00:28:12,757 SO ON OUR-- YOU CAN GO AHEAD 1316 00:28:12,757 --> 00:28:14,592 AND TAG US ON OUR SOCIAL MEDIA 1317 00:28:14,592 --> 00:28:16,061 CHANNELS, UH, USING 1318 00:28:16,061 --> 00:28:20,098 THE HASHTAG #NASACOSTUME. 1319 00:28:20,098 --> 00:28:21,766 UM. ABBY, LIKE WHAT'S 1320 00:28:21,766 --> 00:28:23,068 GOIN' ON OVER HERE? 1321 00:28:23,068 --> 00:28:24,302 I SEE A SLIGHT CHANGE 1322 00:28:24,302 --> 00:28:25,303 IN YOUR COSTUME. 1323 00:28:25,303 --> 00:28:26,438 >> THAT'S RIGHT! 1324 00:28:26,438 --> 00:28:28,306 I DISCOVERED PLANETS! 1325 00:28:28,306 --> 00:28:30,375 I'M KEPLER, AND I DISCOVERED 1326 00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:32,410 A WHOLE BUNCH OF NEW PLANETS. 1327 00:28:32,410 --> 00:28:33,845 I'VE GOT THIS GIANT JUPITER-LIKE 1328 00:28:33,845 --> 00:28:35,580 PLANET, AND MAYBE THIS IS 1329 00:28:35,580 --> 00:28:37,282 A WATER WORLD. 1330 00:28:37,282 --> 00:28:39,451 AND IT'S JUST SO EXCITING 1331 00:28:39,451 --> 00:28:40,618 BECAUSE KEPLER DISCOVERED 1332 00:28:40,618 --> 00:28:42,387 THOUSANDS OF EXOPLANETS 1333 00:28:42,387 --> 00:28:43,588 OUT THERE. 1334 00:28:43,588 --> 00:28:46,658 SOME WERE OCEANS OF MOLTEN LAVA, 1335 00:28:46,658 --> 00:28:48,393 AND SOME WERE LIKE SUPERSIZED 1336 00:28:48,393 --> 00:28:50,428 EARTHS COVERED IN OCEANS 1337 00:28:50,428 --> 00:28:52,363 THEMSELVES-- OCEANS OF WATER 1338 00:28:52,363 --> 00:28:53,832 OR OTHER LIQUIDS. 1339 00:28:53,832 --> 00:28:55,300 AND THESE ARE JUST SOME EXAMPLES 1340 00:28:55,300 --> 00:28:57,135 OF THOSE EXCITING FINDS. 1341 00:28:57,135 --> 00:28:58,570 >> OKAY, WELL, THAT'S 1342 00:28:58,570 --> 00:28:59,637 ACTUALLY PRETTY COOL. 1343 00:28:59,637 --> 00:29:00,538 >> THANKS. 1344 00:29:00,538 --> 00:29:01,473 >> SO WE'RE GONNA MOVE 1345 00:29:01,473 --> 00:29:03,174 INTO OUR NEXT CATEGORY. 1346 00:29:03,174 --> 00:29:05,009 IT'S GONNA BE VINTAGE 1347 00:29:05,009 --> 00:29:06,177 NASA OUTFITS. 1348 00:29:06,177 --> 00:29:07,011 >> EXCELLENT. 1349 00:29:07,011 --> 00:29:08,446 >> SO THESE ARE NASA INSPIRED 1350 00:29:08,446 --> 00:29:10,348 LOOKS FROM DIFFERENT DECADES. 1351 00:29:10,348 --> 00:29:11,816 SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND BRING OUT 1352 00:29:11,816 --> 00:29:13,051 OUR GUESTS TO THE SET. 1353 00:29:13,051 --> 00:29:16,788 COME ON OUT, APRIL AND LAYNE. 1354 00:29:16,788 --> 00:29:19,057 >> HERE THEY COME. 1355 00:29:19,057 --> 00:29:19,891 >> NICE. 1356 00:29:19,891 --> 00:29:21,593 >> HI, APRIL AND LAYNE. 1357 00:29:21,593 --> 00:29:23,561 YOUR HAIR IS LOVELY TODAY. 1358 00:29:23,561 --> 00:29:24,896 >> WELCOME, LADIES. 1359 00:29:24,896 --> 00:29:26,631 >> SO COME ON OUT. 1360 00:29:26,631 --> 00:29:28,566 LET'S SEE WHAT-- YOU-YOU'VE 1361 00:29:28,566 --> 00:29:30,201 GOT SOME EXPLAINING TO DO. 1362 00:29:30,201 --> 00:29:34,205 COME ON UP HERE. 1363 00:29:34,205 --> 00:29:36,941 >> SO, UH, PLEASE INTRODUCE 1364 00:29:36,941 --> 00:29:39,544 YOURSELVES, AND TELL YOU-- 1365 00:29:39,544 --> 00:29:40,645 AND TELL US, UH, 1366 00:29:40,645 --> 00:29:41,579 TELL OUR VIEWERS LIKE 1367 00:29:41,579 --> 00:29:42,647 WHAT YOU DO HERE AT AMES, 1368 00:29:42,647 --> 00:29:44,082 AND ALSO, WHAT IS YOUR COSTUME 1369 00:29:44,082 --> 00:29:46,050 THAT YOU GUYS ARE ROCKIN' TODAY? 1370 00:29:46,050 --> 00:29:46,985 >> OKAY, WELL, 1371 00:29:46,985 --> 00:29:47,952 I'M LAYNE KARAFANTIS. 1372 00:29:47,952 --> 00:29:49,487 I'M THE CENTER HISTORIAN. 1373 00:29:49,487 --> 00:29:51,589 AND, UM, THIS IS THE COSTUME 1374 00:29:51,589 --> 00:29:52,757 I WEAR EVERY DAY. 1375 00:29:52,757 --> 00:29:54,225 I'M DRESSED AS AN HISTORIAN. 1376 00:29:54,225 --> 00:29:56,961 I HAVE THE CORDUROY BLAZER 1377 00:29:56,961 --> 00:29:59,964 WITH A LAPEL PIN, AND GENERALLY 1378 00:29:59,964 --> 00:30:01,666 COVERED IN CAT HAIR. 1379 00:30:01,666 --> 00:30:03,468 UM, THIS IS ABOUT HOW 1380 00:30:03,468 --> 00:30:04,569 HISTORIANS HAVE LOOKED FOR 1381 00:30:04,569 --> 00:30:06,538 A VERY LONG TIME. 1382 00:30:06,538 --> 00:30:09,374 >> THANKS, LAYNE. 1383 00:30:09,374 --> 00:30:10,441 >> UM, AND MY NAME IS 1384 00:30:10,441 --> 00:30:11,609 APRIL GAGE. 1385 00:30:11,609 --> 00:30:12,644 I'M THE CENTER'S 1386 00:30:12,644 --> 00:30:13,745 SENIOR ARCHIVIST 1387 00:30:13,745 --> 00:30:15,480 AND ARTIFACTS MA-MANAGER. 1388 00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,049 AND, UM, YEAH, I MANAGE, 1389 00:30:18,049 --> 00:30:19,817 UH, HISTORICAL ASSETS 1390 00:30:19,817 --> 00:30:20,952 FOR THE CENTER. 1391 00:30:20,952 --> 00:30:23,087 UM, THAT REPRESENT, UM, 1392 00:30:23,087 --> 00:30:25,490 OUR CAPABILITIES AND OUR PEOPLE 1393 00:30:25,490 --> 00:30:26,958 AND MAKE THEM ACCESSIBLE 1394 00:30:26,958 --> 00:30:28,793 TO RESEARCHERS AND THE PUBLIC. 1395 00:30:28,793 --> 00:30:29,761 >> VERY COOL. 1396 00:30:29,761 --> 00:30:30,728 I'M SURE YOU SEE A LOT OF 1397 00:30:30,728 --> 00:30:31,696 COOL THINGS IN THERE. 1398 00:30:31,696 --> 00:30:32,530 >> I DO. 1399 00:30:32,530 --> 00:30:33,298 >> NASA ARCHIVES, YEAH. 1400 00:30:33,298 --> 00:30:34,165 SO, YOU'VE GOT A FUNKY LOOK 1401 00:30:34,165 --> 00:30:34,899 GOING ON TODAY. 1402 00:30:34,899 --> 00:30:37,202 >> OKAY, SO, AS YOU CAN SEE 1403 00:30:37,202 --> 00:30:38,770 I'M AN ARCHIVIST. 1404 00:30:38,770 --> 00:30:41,172 AND WE ACTUALLY DO WEAR 1405 00:30:41,172 --> 00:30:42,774 LAB COATS, UM, WHEN WE'RE 1406 00:30:42,774 --> 00:30:44,075 WORKING ON PRESERVATION 1407 00:30:44,075 --> 00:30:45,109 ACTIVITIES. 1408 00:30:45,109 --> 00:30:46,411 PRESERVING ARTIFACTS, 1409 00:30:46,411 --> 00:30:47,912 WORKING WITH, UM, PRESERVING 1410 00:30:47,912 --> 00:30:49,347 PHOTOGRAPHS OR DOCUMENTS. 1411 00:30:49,347 --> 00:30:50,248 >> I SEE. 1412 00:30:50,248 --> 00:30:51,115 >> OKAY. 1413 00:30:51,115 --> 00:30:52,350 >> WE ALSO DO, UM, WEAR 1414 00:30:52,350 --> 00:30:53,685 THE LAB COATS WHEN WE'RE WORKING 1415 00:30:53,685 --> 00:30:55,787 WITH, UM, BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. 1416 00:30:55,787 --> 00:30:57,255 WE ACTUALLY DO HAVE A SAMPLE 1417 00:30:57,255 --> 00:30:59,057 ARCHIVE HERE AT AMES, AS WELL. 1418 00:30:59,057 --> 00:31:00,558 >> OH, WOW. I WOULD NEVER HAVE 1419 00:31:00,558 --> 00:31:01,693 GUESSED BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES, 1420 00:31:01,693 --> 00:31:02,627 COOL. 1421 00:31:02,627 --> 00:31:03,861 >> OKAY, SO, WHAT'S 1422 00:31:03,861 --> 00:31:05,330 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1423 00:31:05,330 --> 00:31:07,498 AN ARCHIVIST AND A HISTORIAN? 1424 00:31:07,498 --> 00:31:08,933 'CAUSE THEY SEEM LIKE 1425 00:31:08,933 --> 00:31:11,936 TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN. 1426 00:31:11,936 --> 00:31:13,371 >> THEY ARE VERY SIMILAR 1427 00:31:13,371 --> 00:31:14,439 PROFESSIONS. 1428 00:31:14,439 --> 00:31:15,873 AND, IN FACT, SOME ARCHIVISTS 1429 00:31:15,873 --> 00:31:16,975 ARE HISTORIANS, 1430 00:31:16,975 --> 00:31:18,076 THEY HAVE MULTIPLE DEGREES. 1431 00:31:18,076 --> 00:31:18,876 >> OKAY. 1432 00:31:18,876 --> 00:31:19,811 >> BUT, IF YOU WANTED, 1433 00:31:19,811 --> 00:31:20,945 LIKE, SORT OF, DRAW AN EASY 1434 00:31:20,945 --> 00:31:22,914 DISTINCTION, UM, I WOULD SAY 1435 00:31:22,914 --> 00:31:24,382 Y-YOU KNOW, AS AN ARCHIVIST 1436 00:31:24,382 --> 00:31:26,217 HERE, I REALLY FOCUS ON TRYING 1437 00:31:26,217 --> 00:31:27,885 TO BUILD AN EVIDENCE BASE. 1438 00:31:27,885 --> 00:31:30,088 UM, THAT REPRESENTS, YOU KNOW, 1439 00:31:30,088 --> 00:31:31,689 SORT OF PRIMARY SOURCES 1440 00:31:31,689 --> 00:31:33,057 AND UNIQUE ITEMS THAT 1441 00:31:33,057 --> 00:31:34,492 REPRESENT OUR CAPABILITIES 1442 00:31:34,492 --> 00:31:35,860 AND OUR HISTORY. 1443 00:31:35,860 --> 00:31:36,961 >> REALLY DOCUMENT THINGS 1444 00:31:36,961 --> 00:31:37,829 AND ALL THAT. 1445 00:31:37,829 --> 00:31:38,730 >> UM, AND I DON'T-- YEAH. 1446 00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:40,365 I RESEARCH AND I-I DO DOCUMENT, 1447 00:31:40,365 --> 00:31:41,899 BUT I DON'T TRY TO INTERPRET 1448 00:31:41,899 --> 00:31:43,401 AND I REALLY TRY TO FOCUS 1449 00:31:43,401 --> 00:31:44,469 ON BUILDING THAT BASE. 1450 00:31:44,469 --> 00:31:45,270 >> COOL. 1451 00:31:45,270 --> 00:31:46,004 >> OKAY. 1452 00:31:46,004 --> 00:31:46,838 >> AND IT WOULDN'T BE WITHOUT 1453 00:31:46,838 --> 00:31:48,139 THIS TYPE OF BASE THAT I WOULD 1454 00:31:48,139 --> 00:31:50,408 BE ABLE TO-TO DO MY RESEARCH. 1455 00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:53,077 SO, ON BEHALF OF ALL HISTORIANS, 1456 00:31:53,077 --> 00:31:54,712 UH, THANK YOU TO ALL ARCHIVISTS. 1457 00:31:54,712 --> 00:31:56,881 >> NICE. 1458 00:31:56,881 --> 00:31:57,815 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1459 00:31:57,815 --> 00:31:58,583 >> I BET THERE ARE PEOPLE 1460 00:31:58,583 --> 00:31:59,884 OUT THERE SAYING "HISTORIANS 1461 00:31:59,884 --> 00:32:01,819 AND ARCHIVISTS WORK AT NASA?" 1462 00:32:01,819 --> 00:32:02,654 SO, THAT'S COOL FOR PEOPLE 1463 00:32:02,654 --> 00:32:03,855 TO DISCOVER, RIGHT? 1464 00:32:03,855 --> 00:32:04,622 >> YEAH. 1465 00:32:04,622 --> 00:32:05,890 >> OKAY, SO, LET'S GO AHEAD 1466 00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:07,425 AND BRING UP OUR FIRST, 1467 00:32:07,425 --> 00:32:09,027 UH, VINTAGE PHOTO 1468 00:32:09,027 --> 00:32:10,428 FROM THE AMES ARCHIVE. 1469 00:32:10,428 --> 00:32:11,195 CAN WE GO AHEAD AND GET 1470 00:32:11,195 --> 00:32:12,630 THAT BROUGHT UP ON SCREEN? 1471 00:32:12,630 --> 00:32:13,831 >> THERE IT IS! 1472 00:32:13,831 --> 00:32:15,700 >> WHAT IS-WHAT IS 1473 00:32:15,700 --> 00:32:17,035 GOIN' ON HERE? 1474 00:32:17,035 --> 00:32:18,536 >> SO, UH, AMES HAS 1475 00:32:18,536 --> 00:32:19,937 A LONG HISTORY OF 1476 00:32:19,937 --> 00:32:21,072 SIMULATION RESEARCH. 1477 00:32:21,072 --> 00:32:22,807 AND ALSO HIGH, UH, 1478 00:32:22,807 --> 00:32:23,841 HIGH-END COMPUTING. 1479 00:32:23,841 --> 00:32:26,077 SO, IT MADE SENSE THAT OUR EARLY 1480 00:32:26,077 --> 00:32:27,512 EFFORTS IN VIRTUAL REALITY 1481 00:32:27,512 --> 00:32:29,280 WOULD BE GOING ON HERE. 1482 00:32:29,280 --> 00:32:32,350 THIS IS FROM THE, UH, EARLY 90s. 1483 00:32:32,350 --> 00:32:35,486 IT WAS THE, UM, VIRTUAL 1484 00:32:35,486 --> 00:32:37,322 INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT 1485 00:32:37,322 --> 00:32:39,090 WORKSTATION, OR "VIEW." 1486 00:32:39,090 --> 00:32:41,926 >> THAT'S A MOUTHFUL. 1487 00:32:41,926 --> 00:32:43,261 EARLY VR, THOUGH, RIGHT? 1488 00:32:43,261 --> 00:32:44,228 I MEAN, IT-IT LOOKS SOMETHING 1489 00:32:44,228 --> 00:32:45,863 LIKE A VR HEADSET TODAY? 1490 00:32:45,863 --> 00:32:47,465 >> THIS IS AN EARLY VR 1491 00:32:47,465 --> 00:32:49,033 AND, UM, AS YOU CAN SEE 1492 00:32:49,033 --> 00:32:51,336 IN THE PICTURE, UM, THERE IS 1493 00:32:51,336 --> 00:32:52,937 A STEREO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAY, 1494 00:32:52,937 --> 00:32:54,372 AND THERE ARE HEADPHONES, 1495 00:32:54,372 --> 00:32:55,707 AND THERE'S A MICROPHONE 1496 00:32:55,707 --> 00:32:57,308 AND THERE ARE DATA GLOVES 1497 00:32:57,308 --> 00:32:58,576 THAT THE WEARER 1498 00:32:58,576 --> 00:33:00,078 WOULD BE PUTTING ON. 1499 00:33:00,078 --> 00:33:02,246 AND SO, TOGETHER THIS WOULD 1500 00:33:02,246 --> 00:33:05,116 HELP, UM, PROVIDE A FEELING OF 1501 00:33:05,116 --> 00:33:07,852 S-STIMULATION FOR THE SENSES. 1502 00:33:07,852 --> 00:33:08,853 >> MM-HMM. 1503 00:33:08,853 --> 00:33:12,323 >> AND AS WELL AS, ALSO, 1504 00:33:12,323 --> 00:33:13,324 HAVING THAT ENVIRONMENT 1505 00:33:13,324 --> 00:33:14,258 SORT OF REACT TO WHAT 1506 00:33:14,258 --> 00:33:15,293 THE WEARER WAS DOING. 1507 00:33:15,293 --> 00:33:16,561 THE EYE MOVEMENTS WOULD BE 1508 00:33:16,561 --> 00:33:18,162 TRACKED BY THE OPTICS. 1509 00:33:18,162 --> 00:33:20,331 AND THE GESTURES WOULD BE, 1510 00:33:20,331 --> 00:33:22,066 YOU KNOW, WOULD ALSO BE 1511 00:33:22,066 --> 00:33:23,501 CAPTURED WITH THESE GLOVES 1512 00:33:23,501 --> 00:33:24,969 SO THAT THE PERSON COULD 1513 00:33:24,969 --> 00:33:26,270 REALLY BE MANIPULATING 1514 00:33:26,270 --> 00:33:27,572 THE ENVIRONMENT. 1515 00:33:27,572 --> 00:33:28,740 AND IT WOULD BE MOVING 1516 00:33:28,740 --> 00:33:30,208 AS THEY MOVED WITH IT. 1517 00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:32,610 AND ALSO, UM, YEAH. 1518 00:33:32,610 --> 00:33:34,245 SO, YOU REALLY FEEL IMMERSED. 1519 00:33:34,245 --> 00:33:35,079 >> YEAH, YEAH. 1520 00:33:35,079 --> 00:33:35,880 >> EVEN BACK IN 1521 00:33:35,880 --> 00:33:36,647 THE EARLY VERSIONS. COOL. 1522 00:33:36,647 --> 00:33:37,415 >> SO, WHAT'S THIS THAT 1523 00:33:37,415 --> 00:33:38,416 YOU BROUGHT OUT ON THE-- 1524 00:33:38,416 --> 00:33:39,784 ON THE TABLE? 1525 00:33:39,784 --> 00:33:40,818 >> SO, THIS IS AN EXAMPLE 1526 00:33:40,818 --> 00:33:41,853 OF A DATA GLOVE. 1527 00:33:41,853 --> 00:33:42,653 >> OH, THAT'S IT! 1528 00:33:42,653 --> 00:33:43,688 >> FROM THE-- YEAH, 1529 00:33:43,688 --> 00:33:44,856 FROM THE ARCHIVE HERE. 1530 00:33:44,856 --> 00:33:47,625 >> COOL! 1531 00:33:47,625 --> 00:33:49,193 >> SORT OF STUFFED LIKE 1532 00:33:49,193 --> 00:33:50,294 A FAKE HAND. 1533 00:33:50,294 --> 00:33:52,063 >> I LIKE IT. 1534 00:33:52,063 --> 00:33:53,231 THAT'S SUPER COOL, THOUGH. 1535 00:33:53,231 --> 00:33:54,565 NOW, NOW I WAS JUST GONNA 1536 00:33:54,565 --> 00:33:56,834 SAY THAT IT'S COOL THAT THAT 1537 00:33:56,834 --> 00:33:58,403 WORKED THAT WAY EVEN BACK THEN, 1538 00:33:58,403 --> 00:33:59,670 BUT ACTUALLY I DIED A LITTLE BIT 1539 00:33:59,670 --> 00:34:00,638 INSIDE WHEN YOU SAID THAT 1540 00:34:00,638 --> 00:34:02,039 WAS FROM THE 90s. 1541 00:34:02,039 --> 00:34:03,307 BECAUSE I DON'T THINK THE 90s 1542 00:34:03,307 --> 00:34:04,542 WERE THAT LONG AGO, 1543 00:34:04,542 --> 00:34:05,576 AND THAT PICTURE LOOKS 1544 00:34:05,576 --> 00:34:06,711 REALLY, REALLY OLD. 1545 00:34:06,711 --> 00:34:07,945 SO, A LITTLE BIT SAD THERE. 1546 00:34:07,945 --> 00:34:09,947 BUT I HAVE SOME COMMENTS 1547 00:34:09,947 --> 00:34:11,115 AND QUESTIONS FOR YOU. 1548 00:34:13,651 --> 00:34:12,116 >> OKAY. 1549 00:34:13,651 --> 00:34:15,486 FIRST OF ALL. THAT IS TRUE. 1550 00:34:15,486 --> 00:34:16,788 UH, "NICE HAIR, APRIL." 1551 00:34:16,788 --> 00:34:17,822 >> THANK YOU. 1552 00:34:17,822 --> 00:34:18,790 >> AND A QUESTION FOR YOU. 1553 00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:20,925 WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE ARTIFACT? 1554 00:34:20,925 --> 00:34:21,893 >> OH, OH. 1555 00:34:21,893 --> 00:34:22,927 >> CAN YOU CHOOSE? 1556 00:34:22,927 --> 00:34:23,761 IS IT POSSIBLE? 1557 00:34:23,761 --> 00:34:24,962 >> YOU KNOW, AS A RULE, 1558 00:34:24,962 --> 00:34:27,131 UM, I DO NOT HAVE FAVORITES. 1559 00:34:27,131 --> 00:34:28,599 UM, I-I-- 1560 00:34:28,599 --> 00:34:29,400 >> I FEEL LIKE THAT'S 1561 00:34:29,400 --> 00:34:30,168 A GOOD RULE TO LIVE BY. 1562 00:34:30,168 --> 00:34:30,902 >> YEAH. 1563 00:34:30,902 --> 00:34:31,669 >> I HAVE A HARD TIME 1564 00:34:31,669 --> 00:34:32,437 WITH FAVORITES. 1565 00:34:32,437 --> 00:34:33,137 WE DO HAVE A LOT OF FUN STUFF 1566 00:34:33,137 --> 00:34:34,138 IN THE ARCHIVE. 1567 00:34:34,138 --> 00:34:35,540 IF I CAN NAME A SUITE OF 1568 00:34:35,540 --> 00:34:37,809 ARTIFACTS THAT I REALLY ENJOY, 1569 00:34:37,809 --> 00:34:39,710 THAT WOULD BE-- AND I WOULD 1570 00:34:39,710 --> 00:34:41,078 PROBABLY SPEND WAY TOO MUCH TIME 1571 00:34:41,078 --> 00:34:42,914 TALKING ABOUT THESE-- 1572 00:34:42,914 --> 00:34:43,748 BUT, THERE-- 1573 00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:44,615 >> JUST GIVE US A TASTE. 1574 00:34:44,615 --> 00:34:45,416 WHAT WOULD IT BE? 1575 00:34:45,416 --> 00:34:46,317 WHAT IS THE CATEGORY? 1576 00:34:46,317 --> 00:34:47,118 >> OKAY, UM, BE-BEFORE 1577 00:34:47,118 --> 00:34:48,019 WE HAD COMPUTER GRAPHICS 1578 00:34:48,019 --> 00:34:50,087 AND ALL THIS COOL VR STUFF, 1579 00:34:50,087 --> 00:34:51,489 UM, WE USED TO HIRE ARTISTS 1580 00:34:51,489 --> 00:34:54,492 TO, UM, TO PAINT OUR CONCEPTS 1581 00:34:54,492 --> 00:34:55,793 AND WHO ACTUALLY, BY HAND, 1582 00:34:55,793 --> 00:34:57,995 UM, PROVIDE THE VISUALS 1583 00:34:57,995 --> 00:34:59,063 FOR THE TECHNOLOGY 1584 00:34:59,063 --> 00:35:00,264 WE WERE DEVELOPING. 1585 00:35:00,264 --> 00:35:01,566 AND, YOU KNOW, THESE MISSIONS 1586 00:35:01,566 --> 00:35:02,533 WE THOUGHT WE WANTED 1587 00:35:02,533 --> 00:35:03,501 TO BE GOING ON. 1588 00:35:03,501 --> 00:35:04,669 AND WE CAN'T FOLLOW 1589 00:35:04,669 --> 00:35:06,070 OUR SPACECRAFT WITH A CAMERA 1590 00:35:06,070 --> 00:35:07,071 TO TAKE A PICTURE OF WHAT 1591 00:35:07,071 --> 00:35:08,406 IT'S DOING AND IF WE HAVEN'T 1592 00:35:08,406 --> 00:35:09,540 DISCOVERED IT YET, WE DON'T 1593 00:35:09,540 --> 00:35:10,641 REALLY KNOW WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE. 1594 00:35:10,641 --> 00:35:11,542 SO, WE HAVE THESE 1595 00:35:11,542 --> 00:35:12,510 ARTIST CONCEPTS. 1596 00:35:12,510 --> 00:35:13,344 >> YEAH. COOL. 1597 00:35:13,344 --> 00:35:14,212 >> SO, THERE'S AN ART COLLECTION 1598 00:35:14,212 --> 00:35:15,580 AND IT INCLUDES CONCEPTS 1599 00:35:15,580 --> 00:35:18,282 FROM THE 1970s OF OUR NOTIONS 1600 00:35:18,282 --> 00:35:20,384 OF WHAT SPACE SETTLEMENTS 1601 00:35:20,384 --> 00:35:21,619 WOULD LOOK LIKE. 1602 00:35:21,619 --> 00:35:23,054 >> I'VE GOTTEN TO SEE SOME OF 1603 00:35:23,054 --> 00:35:26,991 THEM AND THEY ARE STUNNING. 1604 00:35:26,991 --> 00:35:28,259 >> OH, COOL. 1605 00:35:28,259 --> 00:35:29,193 >> AND THEY'RE GONNA BE 1606 00:35:29,193 --> 00:35:31,496 ON EXHIBIT IN 2019 IN A LOCAL 1607 00:35:31,496 --> 00:35:32,563 MUSEUM HERE IN THE BAY AREA. 1608 00:35:32,563 --> 00:35:33,431 >> NICE. 1609 00:35:33,431 --> 00:35:34,432 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1610 00:35:34,432 --> 00:35:35,967 >> VERY COOL! 1611 00:35:35,967 --> 00:35:37,935 >> OKAY, SO, I THINK WE HAVE 1612 00:35:37,935 --> 00:35:41,639 ANOTHER, UH, AMES ARCHIVE PHOTO. 1613 00:35:41,639 --> 00:35:42,673 SO, CAN WE GO AHEAD AND GET 1614 00:35:42,673 --> 00:35:45,176 THAT BROUGHT UP ON SCREEN? 1615 00:35:45,176 --> 00:35:48,546 SO, WHAT'S GOIN' ON HERE? 1616 00:35:48,546 --> 00:35:49,881 >> OKAY, WELL, WHAT WE ARE 1617 00:35:49,881 --> 00:35:51,616 LOOKING AT ARE, UM, 1618 00:35:51,616 --> 00:35:53,451 HUMAN COMPUTERS BEFORE, 1619 00:35:53,451 --> 00:35:55,186 UM, SINCE WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 1620 00:35:55,186 --> 00:35:56,420 PRE-COMPUTING SOMETIMES, 1621 00:35:56,420 --> 00:35:57,889 BEFORE WE HAD MACHINE COMPUTING, 1622 00:35:57,889 --> 00:36:00,124 WE HAD TO USE HUMANS, 1623 00:36:00,124 --> 00:36:01,792 UM, ALONG WITH THEIR BRAINPOWER 1624 00:36:01,792 --> 00:36:03,327 AND MAYBE SOME SLIDE RULES. 1625 00:36:03,327 --> 00:36:04,228 >> YEAH. 1626 00:36:04,228 --> 00:36:05,396 >> AND SO, THESE WOMEN, 1627 00:36:05,396 --> 00:36:06,497 UM, WOULD HAVE BEEN WORKING 1628 00:36:06,497 --> 00:36:09,100 IN A WIND TUNNEL IN THE 1940s. 1629 00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:10,635 AND-- DURING WORLD WAR II 1630 00:36:10,635 --> 00:36:12,236 A LOT OF WOMEN STEPPED UP 1631 00:36:12,236 --> 00:36:13,471 TO FILL THESE HUMAN 1632 00:36:13,471 --> 00:36:15,006 COMPUTING ROLES. 1633 00:36:15,006 --> 00:36:16,807 AND, UM, THEY WOULD HAVE HAD 1634 00:36:16,807 --> 00:36:18,876 ADVANCED DEGREES IN A FIELD 1635 00:36:18,876 --> 00:36:20,444 LIKE MATHEMATICS. 1636 00:36:20,444 --> 00:36:21,579 AND WHAT THEY WOULD DO 1637 00:36:21,579 --> 00:36:22,813 IS THEY WOULD TAKE 1638 00:36:22,813 --> 00:36:24,148 ALL OF THIS RAW DATA. 1639 00:36:24,148 --> 00:36:25,483 DURING THE WAR, WE WERE DOING 1640 00:36:25,483 --> 00:36:26,984 JUST TONS AND TONS OF 1641 00:36:26,984 --> 00:36:28,352 WIND TUNNEL TESTING 1642 00:36:28,352 --> 00:36:30,788 TO TRY TO HELP, UM, IMPROVE 1643 00:36:30,788 --> 00:36:32,189 THE STABILITY AND 1644 00:36:32,189 --> 00:36:34,191 THE MANEUVERABILITY AND SPEED, 1645 00:36:34,191 --> 00:36:35,893 UM, AND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS 1646 00:36:35,893 --> 00:36:37,428 OF AIRCRAFT IN THE WAR EFFORT. 1647 00:36:37,428 --> 00:36:38,863 AND SO, ALL OF THIS DATA 1648 00:36:38,863 --> 00:36:40,865 PUMPING THROUGH THESE TUNNELS, 1649 00:36:40,865 --> 00:36:43,067 THEY WOULD BE COLLECTING 1650 00:36:43,067 --> 00:36:44,769 AND REDUCING AND THEY WOULD BE 1651 00:36:44,769 --> 00:36:46,771 PERFORMING COMPLEX CALCULATIONS 1652 00:36:46,771 --> 00:36:48,806 TO, UM, MAKE IT INTO 1653 00:36:48,806 --> 00:36:51,175 MANAGEABLE ENGINEERING UNITS. 1654 00:36:51,175 --> 00:36:52,176 >> RIGHT. 1655 00:36:52,176 --> 00:36:53,077 >> I MEAN, THIS WAS-- 1656 00:36:53,077 --> 00:36:54,045 THIS WAS FAR MORE THAN JUST 1657 00:36:54,045 --> 00:36:55,446 PURELY SECRETARIAL WORK. 1658 00:36:55,446 --> 00:36:56,914 THESE-THESE WERE HIGHLY 1659 00:36:56,914 --> 00:36:58,015 EDUCATED WOMEN. 1660 00:36:58,015 --> 00:36:58,950 >> MMM-HMM, MMM-HMM. 1661 00:36:58,950 --> 00:37:01,218 >> SO, IF OUR VIEWERS AT HOME 1662 00:37:01,218 --> 00:37:03,120 WANTED TO RECREATE THE LOOK 1663 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:04,755 OF A HUMAN COMPUTER, 1664 00:37:04,755 --> 00:37:08,259 WHAT MIGHT WE NEED? 1665 00:37:08,259 --> 00:37:09,460 >> WELL, I SUPPOSE YOU COULD, 1666 00:37:09,460 --> 00:37:10,528 UH, IF YOU'RE GOING FOR 1667 00:37:10,528 --> 00:37:11,462 THIS ERA, YOU COULD GO TO 1668 00:37:11,462 --> 00:37:12,663 A VINTAGE CLOTHING SHOP. 1669 00:37:12,663 --> 00:37:13,598 >> YEAH. 1670 00:37:13,598 --> 00:37:15,032 >> UH, MAYBE CARRY A CLIPBOARD 1671 00:37:15,032 --> 00:37:17,301 AROUND OR A SLIDE RULE. 1672 00:37:17,301 --> 00:37:18,235 >> A LITTLE SLIDE RULE. 1673 00:37:18,235 --> 00:37:19,337 >> DEFINITELY, YOU COULD, 1674 00:37:19,337 --> 00:37:20,771 UM, IF YOU WERE VERY ADVENTUROUS 1675 00:37:20,771 --> 00:37:22,206 AND SKILLED YOU COULD DO 1676 00:37:22,206 --> 00:37:24,008 A 1940s HAIRSTYLE. 1677 00:37:24,008 --> 00:37:25,376 WHICH THEY-- THERE ARE 1678 00:37:25,376 --> 00:37:26,811 VERY SPECIFIC RULES AND A LOT 1679 00:37:26,811 --> 00:37:28,079 OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES 1680 00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:29,513 THAT YOU CAN CHOOSE FROM. 1681 00:37:29,513 --> 00:37:31,716 OR YOU COULD ALSO GET A-- 1682 00:37:31,716 --> 00:37:32,683 LIKE A HAIRNET, 1683 00:37:32,683 --> 00:37:33,684 ALSO CALLED A "SNOOD." 1684 00:37:33,684 --> 00:37:34,552 >> HMM. 1685 00:37:34,552 --> 00:37:35,386 >> YES, YES. 1686 00:37:35,386 --> 00:37:36,253 >> UM, YEAH. 1687 00:37:36,253 --> 00:37:37,054 >> I'VE HEARD OF THOSE, 1688 00:37:37,054 --> 00:37:37,922 YEAH. COOL. 1689 00:37:37,922 --> 00:37:39,190 >> I DID WANT TO MENTION THAT 1690 00:37:39,190 --> 00:37:40,424 WE TRIED TO FIND OUT THE NAMES 1691 00:37:40,424 --> 00:37:42,326 OF THE WOMEN WHO ARE IN 1692 00:37:42,326 --> 00:37:43,427 THIS PHOTOGRAPH, BUT WE 1693 00:37:43,427 --> 00:37:44,729 DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH TIME. 1694 00:37:44,729 --> 00:37:46,230 BUT THERE IS A REALLY GREAT 1695 00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:47,698 PROJECT, UH, GOING ON CALLED 1696 00:37:47,698 --> 00:37:49,367 "THE HUMAN COMPUTER PROJECT" 1697 00:37:49,367 --> 00:37:50,835 AND IT'S TRYING TO IDENTIFY 1698 00:37:50,835 --> 00:37:52,670 ALL OF THE WOMEN SCIENTISTS, 1699 00:37:52,670 --> 00:37:55,006 ENGINEERS, AND MATHEMATICIANS, 1700 00:37:55,006 --> 00:37:56,040 UH, THAT WORKED FOR 1701 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:57,508 THE NACA AND AT NASA. 1702 00:37:57,508 --> 00:37:58,376 >> OKAY. 1703 00:37:58,376 --> 00:37:59,677 >> NICE, VERY NICE. 1704 00:37:59,677 --> 00:38:01,145 WE HAVE PLENTY OF TIME TO GET 1705 00:38:01,145 --> 00:38:02,580 INTO THIS STUFF, SO LEMME 1706 00:38:02,580 --> 00:38:04,315 THROW OUT SOME MORE QUESTIONS. 1707 00:38:04,315 --> 00:38:05,916 MORE "LOVE THE 1708 00:38:05,916 --> 00:38:06,984 PURPLE-HAIRED LADY." 1709 00:38:06,984 --> 00:38:09,053 PE-PEOPLE ARE LOVIN' APRIL 1710 00:38:09,053 --> 00:38:10,287 AND HER STORIES. 1711 00:38:10,287 --> 00:38:12,957 UM, APRIL OR LANE, 1712 00:38:12,957 --> 00:38:14,525 IS NASA USING VR TECHNOLOGY 1713 00:38:14,525 --> 00:38:16,327 TODAY AS WELL? 1714 00:38:16,327 --> 00:38:17,495 IS THAT SOMETHING YOU GUYS 1715 00:38:17,495 --> 00:38:19,363 TRACK, OR KNOW MUCH ABOUT? 1716 00:38:19,363 --> 00:38:20,464 >> THAT'S NOT SOMETHING THAT, 1717 00:38:20,464 --> 00:38:21,699 YOU KNOW, IN THE ARCHIVE, 1718 00:38:21,699 --> 00:38:23,501 I'M LOOKING MORE IN THE PAST. 1719 00:38:23,501 --> 00:38:24,869 UM, BUT, YOU KNOW, 1720 00:38:24,869 --> 00:38:26,971 OUR HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB, UM-- 1721 00:38:26,971 --> 00:38:28,873 >> RIGHT. OR, UM, 1722 00:38:28,873 --> 00:38:30,641 WHERE THE VIEW WAS DEVELOPED, 1723 00:38:30,641 --> 00:38:31,976 THE HUMAN SYSTEMS 1724 00:38:31,976 --> 00:38:33,077 INTEGRATION DIVISION. 1725 00:38:33,077 --> 00:38:34,011 >> YES. 1726 00:38:34,011 --> 00:38:35,012 >> UH, IS MAYBE NOT LOOKING 1727 00:38:35,012 --> 00:38:36,313 NECESSARILY IN TO VR, 1728 00:38:36,313 --> 00:38:37,882 BUT CERTAINLY RELATED THINGS. 1729 00:38:37,882 --> 00:38:38,749 >> OKAY, YEAH. 1730 00:38:38,749 --> 00:38:40,051 >> MAYBE THE NEXT BEST THING. 1731 00:38:40,051 --> 00:38:42,219 >> YEAH, THE NEXT VERSION. 1732 00:38:42,219 --> 00:38:43,788 UM, APRIL, CAN PE-- CAN 1733 00:38:43,788 --> 00:38:45,289 THE PUBLIC VISIT THE ARCHIVE? 1734 00:38:45,289 --> 00:38:46,724 >> BY APPOINTMENT. 1735 00:38:46,724 --> 00:38:47,992 UM, YOU KNOW. 1736 00:38:47,992 --> 00:38:50,261 THE PUBLIC CAN-CAN RESEARCH 1737 00:38:50,261 --> 00:38:51,362 IN THE ARCHIVE. 1738 00:38:51,362 --> 00:38:53,097 WE DO HAVE LIMITED RESOURCES. 1739 00:38:53,097 --> 00:38:55,099 UM, SOMETIMES I DO GIVE TOURS. 1740 00:38:55,099 --> 00:38:56,100 >> OKAY. 1741 00:38:56,100 --> 00:38:57,401 >> UM, AND, YOU KNOW, LIKE, 1742 00:38:57,401 --> 00:38:59,170 IT WOULD BE, LIKE, YOU KNOW, 1743 00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:00,671 A WHOLE CLASS OF STUDENTS 1744 00:39:00,671 --> 00:39:01,872 FROM THE U-- 1745 00:39:01,872 --> 00:39:03,074 YOU KNOW, UNIVERSITY. 1746 00:39:03,074 --> 00:39:03,808 >> OKAY. 1747 00:39:03,808 --> 00:39:04,642 >> HISTORY STUDENTS 1748 00:39:04,642 --> 00:39:05,576 TO COME OVER. 1749 00:39:05,576 --> 00:39:06,711 AND SO, ABSOLUTELY. 1750 00:39:06,711 --> 00:39:07,845 I MEAN, PART OF THE POINT 1751 00:39:07,845 --> 00:39:09,447 OF THE ARCHIVE IS TO MAKE 1752 00:39:09,447 --> 00:39:11,415 OUR HISTORY AND THESE RESEARCH 1753 00:39:11,415 --> 00:39:13,017 MATERIALS ACCESSIBLE. 1754 00:39:13,017 --> 00:39:14,852 UM, TO WHOEVER WANTS 1755 00:39:14,852 --> 00:39:15,886 TO USE THEM. 1756 00:39:15,886 --> 00:39:17,254 TYPICALLY, PEOPLE, UM, 1757 00:39:17,254 --> 00:39:18,322 HAVE A RESEARCH PURPOSE. 1758 00:39:18,322 --> 00:39:19,156 >> YEAH. 1759 00:39:19,156 --> 00:39:19,924 >> OKAY. 1760 00:39:19,924 --> 00:39:20,725 >> THAT MAKES SENSE. 1761 00:39:20,725 --> 00:39:21,559 >> WHEN THEY COME INTO THE 1762 00:39:21,559 --> 00:39:22,493 ARCHIVE, THE-- OF COURSE, YES. 1763 00:39:22,493 --> 00:39:23,828 AND THERE ARE MATERIALS ONLINE. 1764 00:39:23,828 --> 00:39:25,296 >> OOH, YEAH. 1765 00:39:25,296 --> 00:39:26,464 UH, A FEW MORE. 1766 00:39:26,464 --> 00:39:27,732 APRIL, HOW LONG HAVE YOU 1767 00:39:27,732 --> 00:39:29,700 BEEN WORKING AT NASA? 1768 00:39:29,700 --> 00:39:31,635 >> I'VE BEEN WORKING AT NASA, 1769 00:39:31,635 --> 00:39:33,370 UM, UM, I GUESS FOR 1770 00:39:33,370 --> 00:39:34,705 ABOUT 14 YEARS. 1771 00:39:34,705 --> 00:39:35,539 >> OH, OKAY. 1772 00:39:35,539 --> 00:39:36,340 >> YES. 1773 00:39:36,340 --> 00:39:37,274 >> ALL RIGHT, COOL. 1774 00:39:37,274 --> 00:39:38,209 >> WHAT ABOUT YOU, LAYNE? 1775 00:39:38,209 --> 00:39:38,976 >> YEAH. 1776 00:39:38,976 --> 00:39:39,844 >> OH, ME, I'M A RELATIVELY 1777 00:39:39,844 --> 00:39:40,678 NEW ADDITION. 1778 00:39:40,678 --> 00:39:41,679 I'M, UH, JUST ABOUT 1779 00:39:41,679 --> 00:39:42,980 FINISHING UP MY FIRST YEAR. 1780 00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:44,348 >> OKAY. 1781 00:39:44,348 --> 00:39:46,417 >> IS IT ALL... 1782 00:39:46,417 --> 00:39:47,418 >> IT'S NOT LONGER. 1783 00:39:47,418 --> 00:39:48,419 >> I-- NO, I REMEMBER 1784 00:39:48,419 --> 00:39:49,453 WHEN YOU ARRIVED. 1785 00:39:49,453 --> 00:39:50,387 IT WAS LIKE A YEAR AGO. 1786 00:39:50,387 --> 00:39:53,124 UM, A COUPLE THING ABOUT 1787 00:39:53,124 --> 00:39:55,126 THE HUMAN COMPUTERS. 1788 00:39:55,126 --> 00:39:56,594 A COMMENT-- "WOW, IMAGINE 1789 00:39:56,594 --> 00:39:58,195 HOW TIME-CONSUMING." 1790 00:39:58,195 --> 00:39:59,263 THAT MATHEMATICAL WORK 1791 00:39:59,263 --> 00:40:00,197 THEY WERE DOING. 1792 00:40:00,197 --> 00:40:01,999 AND "DID THE WOMEN RETAIN 1793 00:40:01,999 --> 00:40:03,434 THE ROLES THEY WERE IN 1794 00:40:03,434 --> 00:40:05,603 AFTER WORLD WAR II?" 1795 00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:07,938 >> SO IN SOME CASES, UM, 1796 00:40:07,938 --> 00:40:11,242 WELL, IF YOU'RE THINKING, UH-- 1797 00:40:11,242 --> 00:40:12,977 YES, THEY WERE-- DID STAY 1798 00:40:12,977 --> 00:40:14,044 IN SOME OF THE POSITIONS 1799 00:40:14,044 --> 00:40:15,079 AND NOT NECESSARILY WERE 1800 00:40:15,079 --> 00:40:16,680 PUSHED OUT FOR MEN TO COME BACK 1801 00:40:16,680 --> 00:40:18,549 INTO-IN-INTO THESE JOBS. 1802 00:40:18,549 --> 00:40:20,551 BUT, UM, NOT ONLY THAT, 1803 00:40:20,551 --> 00:40:21,619 BUT A LOT OF THE WOMEN 1804 00:40:21,619 --> 00:40:22,820 CONTINUED ON AT AMES 1805 00:40:22,820 --> 00:40:24,822 AFTER ELECTRONIC COMPUTING, 1806 00:40:24,822 --> 00:40:26,757 AND, UH, WERE WORKING 1807 00:40:26,757 --> 00:40:27,992 WITH THOSE MACHINES. 1808 00:40:27,992 --> 00:40:28,793 >> OKAY. 1809 00:40:28,793 --> 00:40:29,794 >> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. 1810 00:40:29,794 --> 00:40:31,128 THEY-- YOU KNOW, THEY MOVED IN 1811 00:40:31,128 --> 00:40:32,163 AND BECAME COMPUTER 1812 00:40:32,163 --> 00:40:33,731 PROGRAMMERS, BASICALLY. 1813 00:40:33,731 --> 00:40:35,065 AND ONE OF THE WOMEN-- 1814 00:40:35,065 --> 00:40:36,033 I DON'T THINK SHE STARTED 1815 00:40:36,033 --> 00:40:38,068 AS A COMPUTER, A HUMAN COMPUTER, 1816 00:40:38,068 --> 00:40:39,804 UM, BUT MARCY [ INDISTINCT ] 1817 00:40:39,804 --> 00:40:41,705 ACTUALLY ROSE THROUGH THE RANKS 1818 00:40:41,705 --> 00:40:43,674 AND BECAME THE CHIEF OF 1819 00:40:43,674 --> 00:40:45,075 THE COMPUTING DIVISION. 1820 00:40:45,075 --> 00:40:45,943 >> OH, WOW. 1821 00:40:45,943 --> 00:40:46,944 >> WOW, THAT'S EXCELLENT-- COOL. 1822 00:40:46,944 --> 00:40:48,345 >> SO, YEAH, YEAH. 1823 00:40:48,345 --> 00:40:49,346 AND THAT HAPPENED ACROSS 1824 00:40:49,346 --> 00:40:50,414 THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. 1825 00:40:50,414 --> 00:40:51,348 LIKE, WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT 1826 00:40:51,348 --> 00:40:52,416 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 1827 00:40:52,416 --> 00:40:53,984 AND THE MACHINE CATALOGUING, 1828 00:40:53,984 --> 00:40:55,319 A LOT OF WOMEN WERE 1829 00:40:55,319 --> 00:40:56,487 BEHIND THOSE EFFORTS. 1830 00:40:56,487 --> 00:40:57,588 >> AH, NICE TO KNOW. 1831 00:40:57,588 --> 00:40:58,622 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1832 00:40:58,622 --> 00:40:59,957 >> COOL. SHOULD WE GO 1833 00:40:59,957 --> 00:41:00,958 TO OUR NEXT IMAGE? 1834 00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:02,026 >> I THINK WE SHOULD. 1835 00:41:02,026 --> 00:41:03,060 >> ALL RIGHT. 1836 00:41:03,060 --> 00:41:03,961 >> SO CAN WE GO AHEAD 1837 00:41:03,961 --> 00:41:05,863 AND GET THAT UP ON SCREEN? 1838 00:41:05,863 --> 00:41:07,198 >> ALL RIGHT, WHO DO WE 1839 00:41:07,198 --> 00:41:08,098 HAVE HERE? 1840 00:41:08,098 --> 00:41:08,966 OR WHAT'S-- 1841 00:41:08,966 --> 00:41:09,967 >> AND WHAT IS THAT THAT 1842 00:41:09,967 --> 00:41:11,368 HE'S STANDING IN FRONT OF? 1843 00:41:11,368 --> 00:41:12,303 >> SO, SO MANY ELEMENTS 1844 00:41:12,303 --> 00:41:13,237 HERE, RIGHT? 1845 00:41:13,237 --> 00:41:14,939 UM, THIS IS A-AN F-100 1846 00:41:14,939 --> 00:41:16,040 SUPER SABRE. 1847 00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:19,143 UM, THIS PHOTO IS FROM 1957. 1848 00:41:19,143 --> 00:41:21,745 SO IT WAS THE YEAR BEFORE, 1849 00:41:21,745 --> 00:41:24,014 UM, AMES BECAME PART OF NASA, 1850 00:41:24,014 --> 00:41:25,015 WHEN IT WAS ONE OF 1851 00:41:25,015 --> 00:41:26,817 THE AERONAUTICAL LABORATORIES 1852 00:41:26,817 --> 00:41:28,452 OF THE NACA-- THE NATIONAL 1853 00:41:28,452 --> 00:41:29,386 ADVISORY COMMITTEE 1854 00:41:29,386 --> 00:41:30,321 FOR AERONAUTICS. 1855 00:41:30,321 --> 00:41:31,188 >> OKAY, RIGHT. 1856 00:41:31,188 --> 00:41:32,189 >> AND A LOT OF THE WORK 1857 00:41:32,189 --> 00:41:33,624 THAT WAS DONE HERE AT AMES 1858 00:41:33,624 --> 00:41:35,559 WAS FOCUSED ON, UH, 1859 00:41:35,559 --> 00:41:36,760 FLIGHT TESTING. 1860 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:39,430 AND, UM, HERE, UH, ON THIS PLANE 1861 00:41:39,430 --> 00:41:42,433 YOU CAN SEE, UH, WELL, RATHER 1862 00:41:42,433 --> 00:41:43,801 LARGE PITOT TUBE, 1863 00:41:43,801 --> 00:41:44,602 ST-- THAT'S THE BOOM 1864 00:41:44,602 --> 00:41:45,769 STICKING OUT FROM THE FRONT. 1865 00:41:45,769 --> 00:41:46,904 THAT MEASURES AIRSPEED. 1866 00:41:46,904 --> 00:41:47,872 >> OKAY. 1867 00:41:47,872 --> 00:41:48,806 >> AND YOU MIGHT ALSO 1868 00:41:48,806 --> 00:41:50,307 NOTICE THE SWEPT BACK WINGS 1869 00:41:50,307 --> 00:41:52,509 THAT WERE ON THE F-100. 1870 00:41:52,509 --> 00:41:54,245 AND THAT WAS A PRETTY RECENT 1871 00:41:54,245 --> 00:41:56,080 DEVELOPMENT, UH, THE DESIGN 1872 00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:58,015 OF HAVING THE WINGS SWEPT BACK, 1873 00:41:58,015 --> 00:41:58,916 AND THAT SORT OF A WAY 1874 00:41:58,916 --> 00:42:00,551 WHICH WOULD REDUCE DRAG. 1875 00:42:00,551 --> 00:42:03,020 AND, UH, R.T. JONES, WHO WAS 1876 00:42:03,020 --> 00:42:04,321 AT LANGLEY BUT SPENT A LOT 1877 00:42:04,321 --> 00:42:05,856 OF HIS CAREER HERE AT AMES, 1878 00:42:05,856 --> 00:42:07,625 WAS ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO 1879 00:42:07,625 --> 00:42:09,393 WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING 1880 00:42:09,393 --> 00:42:10,661 THE SWEPT WING DESIGN. 1881 00:42:10,661 --> 00:42:12,529 >> OKAY, SO I THINK WE HAVE 1882 00:42:12,529 --> 00:42:13,898 A STREET NAMED AFTER HIM 1883 00:42:13,898 --> 00:42:14,698 ON OUR CAMPUS, DON'T WE? 1884 00:42:14,698 --> 00:42:15,532 >> YEAH, WE DO, WE DO. 1885 00:42:15,532 --> 00:42:16,267 IT'S RIGHT OUTSIDE 1886 00:42:16,267 --> 00:42:17,001 THE FRONT GATES. 1887 00:42:17,001 --> 00:42:18,969 NEVER KNEW WHO HE WAS. 1888 00:42:18,969 --> 00:42:19,937 >> OH, R.T. JONES, SORRY. 1889 00:42:19,937 --> 00:42:23,040 [ INDISTINCT CHATTER ] 1890 00:42:23,040 --> 00:42:24,875 >> SO WHO'S THE PILOT 1891 00:42:24,875 --> 00:42:26,243 THAT'S SHOWN IN THIS, UH, 1892 00:42:26,243 --> 00:42:27,511 HISTORICAL PHOTO? 1893 00:42:27,511 --> 00:42:29,313 >> THE-THE PILOT IS, UM, 1894 00:42:29,313 --> 00:42:30,581 ONE OF OUR, YOU KNOW, ONE OF 1895 00:42:30,581 --> 00:42:31,949 OUR MOST DISTINGUISHED, UM, 1896 00:42:31,949 --> 00:42:33,684 TEST PILOTS, GEORGE COOPER. 1897 00:42:33,684 --> 00:42:34,852 UM, GEORGE COOPER STARTED 1898 00:42:34,852 --> 00:42:37,221 AT AMES IN 1945, UM, 1899 00:42:37,221 --> 00:42:38,856 BEFORE WHICH HE SERVED, UM, 1900 00:42:38,856 --> 00:42:40,190 IN THE-- IN WORLD WAR II 1901 00:42:40,190 --> 00:42:41,292 AS A FIGHTER PILOT. 1902 00:42:41,292 --> 00:42:42,226 >> OKAY. 1903 00:42:42,226 --> 00:42:44,094 >> UM, AND, UM, AMONG HIS 1904 00:42:44,094 --> 00:42:46,063 MANY, MANY ACCOMPLISHMENTS, 1905 00:42:46,063 --> 00:42:48,198 UM, UM-- HE WAS ALSO 1906 00:42:48,198 --> 00:42:50,501 AN ENGINEER, AND HE DEVELOPED 1907 00:42:50,501 --> 00:42:52,369 THE-- A RATING SCALE, 1908 00:42:52,369 --> 00:42:54,038 A TEN-POINT RATING SCALE 1909 00:42:54,038 --> 00:42:56,006 THAT PILOTS WOULD USE TO BE 1910 00:42:56,006 --> 00:42:57,975 ABLE TO PROVIDE NORMALIZED 1911 00:42:57,975 --> 00:43:00,911 AND CONSISTENT INFORMATION 1912 00:43:00,911 --> 00:43:02,379 THAT THEY, UM, YOU KNOW, 1913 00:43:02,379 --> 00:43:03,781 THAT THEY WOULD GATHER 1914 00:43:03,781 --> 00:43:05,182 WHILE THEY WERE TESTING 1915 00:43:05,182 --> 00:43:06,517 THESE AIRCRAFT. 1916 00:43:06,517 --> 00:43:07,685 AND SO, YOU KNOW, 1917 00:43:07,685 --> 00:43:08,852 IT'S JUST THIS WAY OF LIKE, 1918 00:43:08,852 --> 00:43:10,354 OKAY, WE'RE GONNA HAVE METRICS, 1919 00:43:10,354 --> 00:43:11,588 AND WE'RE GONNA BE CONSISTENT, 1920 00:43:11,588 --> 00:43:12,523 AND WE'RE GONNA CONTRIBUTE 1921 00:43:12,523 --> 00:43:13,657 TO THE-- 1922 00:43:13,657 --> 00:43:14,525 >> AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 1923 00:43:14,525 --> 00:43:15,359 OR SOMETHING? 1924 00:43:15,359 --> 00:43:16,126 >> AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 1925 00:43:16,126 --> 00:43:16,860 AND SAFETY. 1926 00:43:16,860 --> 00:43:17,594 >> AH, YES. 1927 00:43:17,594 --> 00:43:18,362 >> UM, AND, UM, 1928 00:43:18,362 --> 00:43:19,330 IT'S ACTUALLY STILL USED AS 1929 00:43:19,330 --> 00:43:20,998 AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD TODAY. 1930 00:43:20,998 --> 00:43:22,299 >> IS IT? EVEN NOW, WOW. 1931 00:43:22,299 --> 00:43:23,801 >> WHAT'S IT CALLED AGAIN? 1932 00:43:23,801 --> 00:43:24,768 >> IT'S, UM, LIKE THE 1933 00:43:24,768 --> 00:43:26,837 COOPER-HARPER RATING SCALE. 1934 00:43:26,837 --> 00:43:27,738 BILL HARPER, I THINK, 1935 00:43:27,738 --> 00:43:29,707 HELPED HIM, UM-- BILL HARPER? 1936 00:43:29,707 --> 00:43:30,541 CHARLES HARPER? 1937 00:43:30,541 --> 00:43:31,375 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 1938 00:43:31,375 --> 00:43:33,110 SO, VIEWERS AT HOME, 1939 00:43:33,110 --> 00:43:34,545 IF THEY WANTED TO RECREATE 1940 00:43:34,545 --> 00:43:37,448 GEORGE COOPER'S LOOK OVER HERE, 1941 00:43:37,448 --> 00:43:39,583 WHAT WOULD WE NEED? 1942 00:43:39,583 --> 00:43:41,552 >> WELL... 1943 00:43:41,552 --> 00:43:43,087 >> UM, IF WE COULD SEE 1944 00:43:43,087 --> 00:43:44,621 THE-THE PHOTO AGAIN... 1945 00:43:44,621 --> 00:43:45,556 >> THAT WOULD HELP. 1946 00:43:45,556 --> 00:43:46,724 >> CAN WE GET THAT BROUGHT UP? 1947 00:43:46,724 --> 00:43:47,858 >> OKAY, UM, I'M THINKING 1948 00:43:47,858 --> 00:43:50,227 SOME KIND OF HELMET, UM, 1949 00:43:50,227 --> 00:43:52,229 PERHAPS SOME KIND OF BACKPACK. 1950 00:43:52,229 --> 00:43:53,297 I THINK LAYNE THOUGHT 1951 00:43:53,297 --> 00:43:54,465 THAT WAS A PARACHUTE? 1952 00:43:54,465 --> 00:43:55,399 >> A PARACHUTE. 1953 00:43:55,399 --> 00:43:56,266 >> UM, PROBABLY. 1954 00:43:56,266 --> 00:43:57,668 >> YEAH, AND SOME WORK BOOTS, 1955 00:43:57,668 --> 00:43:59,069 AND COVERALLS, AND-AND IT 1956 00:43:59,069 --> 00:44:00,471 ALSO DEPENDS IF YOU, UH, 1957 00:44:00,471 --> 00:44:02,406 ARE THINKING ABOUT WHICH TYPE 1958 00:44:02,406 --> 00:44:03,640 OF FLIGHT SUIT YOU WANNA 1959 00:44:03,640 --> 00:44:05,042 BE-BE WEARING. 1960 00:44:05,042 --> 00:44:06,877 UM, THIS IS MORE OF A PRESSURE, 1961 00:44:06,877 --> 00:44:08,679 UH, SUIT, BECAUSE THE F-100, 1962 00:44:08,679 --> 00:44:10,881 UH, WAS A SUPERSONIC, 1963 00:44:10,881 --> 00:44:12,683 UH, AIRCRAFT. 1964 00:44:12,683 --> 00:44:16,620 AND, UM, SO IF-- AND ALSO 1965 00:44:16,620 --> 00:44:18,088 FLYING AT HIGHER ALTITUDES. 1966 00:44:18,088 --> 00:44:19,757 SO LOOSER CLOTHING COULD BE 1967 00:44:19,757 --> 00:44:21,358 WORN IN-IN A FLIGHT SUIT, 1968 00:44:21,358 --> 00:44:22,993 JUST ALL DEPENDING. 1969 00:44:22,993 --> 00:44:24,595 >> DEPENDS ON WHAT ALTITUDE 1970 00:44:24,595 --> 00:44:26,230 YOUR HALLOWEEN COSTUME NEEDS TO 1971 00:44:26,230 --> 00:44:28,565 FLY AT, IS WHAT I UNDERSTAND. 1972 00:44:28,565 --> 00:44:29,933 [ LAUGHTER ] 1973 00:44:29,933 --> 00:44:31,702 OKAY, SO SOMEBODY WANTED TO 1974 00:44:31,702 --> 00:44:32,970 CHECK WHAT THE PLANE WAS CALLED. 1975 00:44:32,970 --> 00:44:34,238 IT IS THE F-100, RIGHT? 1976 00:44:34,238 --> 00:44:35,205 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 1977 00:44:35,205 --> 00:44:37,107 >> OKAY. UM, SPEAKING OF 1978 00:44:37,107 --> 00:44:38,175 HOW LONG PEOPLE HAVE WORKED 1979 00:44:38,175 --> 00:44:40,010 AT NASA, DO YOU KNOW WHAT 1980 00:44:40,010 --> 00:44:41,845 THE LONGEST SERVING EMPLOYEE 1981 00:44:41,845 --> 00:44:43,180 OF NASA IS? 1982 00:44:43,180 --> 00:44:44,581 WHO IT IS OR HOW LONG 1983 00:44:44,581 --> 00:44:47,684 THAT TENURE WAS? 1984 00:44:47,684 --> 00:44:49,153 >> WE WOULD-- WE-- ONE WOULD 1985 00:44:49,153 --> 00:44:51,755 ASSUME, UM, JACK BOYD. 1986 00:44:51,755 --> 00:44:53,390 UM, BUT THAT WOULDN'T BE RIGHT, 1987 00:44:53,390 --> 00:44:54,358 IF YOU'RE THINKING OF 1988 00:44:54,358 --> 00:44:55,526 CONTIGUOUS YEARS, BUT-- 1989 00:44:55,526 --> 00:44:57,261 >> OH, JACK BOYD IS HERE. 1990 00:44:57,261 --> 00:44:58,362 HE WORKS HERE AT NASA AMES. 1991 00:44:58,362 --> 00:44:59,930 >> OUR BOSS, JACK BOYD, 1992 00:44:59,930 --> 00:45:01,265 UM, STARTED AT AMES WHEN IT 1993 00:45:01,265 --> 00:45:03,767 WAS NACA IN 1947, 1994 00:45:03,767 --> 00:45:05,235 AND HE HAS SERVED UNDER 1995 00:45:05,235 --> 00:45:06,970 EVERY SINGLE CENTER DIRECTOR 1996 00:45:06,970 --> 00:45:08,272 SINCE THE BEGINNING. 1997 00:45:08,272 --> 00:45:09,807 >> INCREDIBLE. 1998 00:45:09,807 --> 00:45:11,208 >> HE'S IN HIS EARLY 90s. 1999 00:45:11,208 --> 00:45:12,076 >> HE STILL COMES INTO 2000 00:45:12,076 --> 00:45:13,043 THE CENTER THREE DAYS A WEEK. 2001 00:45:13,043 --> 00:45:14,011 >> YEP. 2002 00:45:14,011 --> 00:45:15,746 >> VERY ACTIVE IN, UH, 2003 00:45:15,746 --> 00:45:16,947 THINGS GOING ON AT AMES, 2004 00:45:16,947 --> 00:45:17,915 AND VERY SUPPORTIVE OF 2005 00:45:17,915 --> 00:45:18,816 THE HISTORY OFFICE. 2006 00:45:18,816 --> 00:45:20,284 >> YES, AND A TESTAMENT 2007 00:45:20,284 --> 00:45:23,153 TO, UM, WHY IT MIGHT NOT BE 2008 00:45:23,153 --> 00:45:24,822 A GOOD IDEA TO RETIRE. 2009 00:45:24,822 --> 00:45:25,889 [ LAUGHTER ] 2010 00:45:25,889 --> 00:45:26,790 >> SO THE LONGEST SERVING 2011 00:45:26,790 --> 00:45:27,791 NASA EMPLOYEES HAVE BEEN HERE 2012 00:45:27,791 --> 00:45:29,960 FOR DECADES AND DECADES, YEAH? 2013 00:45:29,960 --> 00:45:30,761 THAT'S FANTASTIC. 2014 00:45:30,761 --> 00:45:31,595 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 2015 00:45:31,595 --> 00:45:32,329 >> THAT IS COOL. 2016 00:45:32,329 --> 00:45:33,230 >> JOB SATISFACTION. 2017 00:45:33,230 --> 00:45:36,300 >> YEAH. UM, A FEW COMMENTS. 2018 00:45:36,300 --> 00:45:38,602 WELL, LAYNE, A QUESTION: 2019 00:45:38,602 --> 00:45:39,837 "IS THE NASA LIBRARY ONLY 2020 00:45:39,837 --> 00:45:41,205 TEXTBOOKS, OR DOES IT CONTAIN 2021 00:45:41,205 --> 00:45:42,840 CREATIVE WORK AS WELL?" 2022 00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:44,341 INTERESTING. 2023 00:45:44,341 --> 00:45:47,578 >> UH, NASA LIBRARY MEANING? 2024 00:45:47,578 --> 00:45:48,912 >> PERHAPS THE ARCHIVE. 2025 00:45:48,912 --> 00:45:50,380 >> OH, UM, THERE IS A DIFFERENCE 2026 00:45:50,380 --> 00:45:52,216 BETWEEN LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES. 2027 00:45:52,216 --> 00:45:54,251 WE DO HAVE TWO LIBRARIES, 2028 00:45:54,251 --> 00:45:56,019 UM, TWO MAIN LIBRARIES AT AMES-- 2029 00:45:56,019 --> 00:45:57,254 A TECHNICAL LIBRARY 2030 00:45:57,254 --> 00:45:59,256 AND A LIFE SCIENCES LIBRARY. 2031 00:45:59,256 --> 00:46:00,557 THEY FOCUS ON PUBLISHED 2032 00:46:00,557 --> 00:46:01,658 MATERIALS. 2033 00:46:01,658 --> 00:46:02,493 >> OKAY. 2034 00:46:02,493 --> 00:46:03,494 >> AND, UM, YOU KNOW, 2035 00:46:03,494 --> 00:46:05,062 ASSIST WITH RESEARCH QUERIES, 2036 00:46:05,062 --> 00:46:06,430 UM, YOU KNOW, THROUGH 2037 00:46:06,430 --> 00:46:08,432 THIS PUBLISHED MATERIALS, 2038 00:46:08,432 --> 00:46:10,968 WHEREAS THE ARCHIVE TEND-TEND 2039 00:46:10,968 --> 00:46:12,936 TO FOCUS ON MORE UNIQUE, 2040 00:46:12,936 --> 00:46:15,005 UH, MATERIALS AND COLLECTIONS 2041 00:46:15,005 --> 00:46:18,342 OF, UM, WHATEVER IT IS. 2042 00:46:18,342 --> 00:46:20,177 >> LETTERS, CORRESPONDENCE, 2043 00:46:20,177 --> 00:46:22,479 UM, EARLY DRAFTS OF-OF 2044 00:46:22,479 --> 00:46:23,413 THEIR WORK. 2045 00:46:23,413 --> 00:46:24,548 >> OKAY, I SEE. 2046 00:46:24,548 --> 00:46:26,650 >> DATA, DESIGNS. 2047 00:46:26,650 --> 00:46:29,186 >> YEAH. UM, QUICK COMMENT 2048 00:46:29,186 --> 00:46:31,088 BEFORE WE GO TO OUR NEXT IMAGE. 2049 00:46:31,088 --> 00:46:32,689 "IT'S SO AMAZING, ALL THOSE 2050 00:46:32,689 --> 00:46:34,191 OLD PICTURES-- I LOVE IT." 2051 00:46:34,191 --> 00:46:35,359 SOMEBODY APPRECIATES 2052 00:46:35,359 --> 00:46:38,128 YOUR HISTORICAL STUFF HERE. 2053 00:46:38,128 --> 00:46:39,596 AND, UH, AND A TIP FOR 2054 00:46:39,596 --> 00:46:40,731 EVERYONE AT HOME: IF YOU 2055 00:46:40,731 --> 00:46:43,567 WANNA RECREATE THAT FLIGHT SUIT 2056 00:46:43,567 --> 00:46:45,002 OUTFIT-- "SALAD BOWL 2057 00:46:45,002 --> 00:46:45,969 FOR THE HELMET." 2058 00:46:45,969 --> 00:46:46,970 >> AH, OKAY. 2059 00:46:46,970 --> 00:46:48,105 >> SMART. 2060 00:46:48,105 --> 00:46:51,608 >> THAT COULD WORK. YEAH. 2061 00:46:51,608 --> 00:46:53,010 >> SO LET'S MOVE ALONG 2062 00:46:53,010 --> 00:46:54,845 TO OUR NEXT IMAGE THAT 2063 00:46:54,845 --> 00:46:57,447 WE HAVE FROM AMES. 2064 00:46:57,447 --> 00:46:58,549 >> OKAY. 2065 00:46:58,549 --> 00:46:59,650 >> THIS IS PRETTY UNIQUE. 2066 00:46:59,650 --> 00:47:00,617 LIKE I DON'T THINK I'VE EVER 2067 00:47:00,617 --> 00:47:01,585 SEEN SOMETHING LIKE THIS BEFORE. 2068 00:47:01,585 --> 00:47:03,387 >> I JUST LOVE THESE PHOTOS. 2069 00:47:03,387 --> 00:47:06,890 UM, THIS IS, UM-- WHAT WE'RE 2070 00:47:06,890 --> 00:47:08,625 SEEING IS THE AX-3, 2071 00:47:08,625 --> 00:47:10,460 WHICH IS ONE OF A SERIES OF 2072 00:47:10,460 --> 00:47:14,431 AMES EXPERIMENTAL HARD, UM, 2073 00:47:14,431 --> 00:47:16,500 HARD-BODIED SPACESUITS. 2074 00:47:16,500 --> 00:47:17,834 UM, THE MAN WE'RE SEEING 2075 00:47:17,834 --> 00:47:19,469 IS VIC VYKUKAL-- AND I'M 2076 00:47:19,469 --> 00:47:20,470 ACTUALLY NOT SURE HOW 2077 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:21,805 TO PRONOUNCE HIS NAME. 2078 00:47:21,805 --> 00:47:23,340 SO I'M PROBABLY BUTCHERING IT. 2079 00:47:23,340 --> 00:47:25,275 UM, AND HE WAS VERY 2080 00:47:25,275 --> 00:47:26,610 INSTRUMENTAL IN TESTING 2081 00:47:26,610 --> 00:47:28,412 AND DESIGNING THESE SUITS. 2082 00:47:28,412 --> 00:47:30,581 SO, UM, WHAT YOU CAN SEE 2083 00:47:30,581 --> 00:47:32,249 WHERE THERE'S SORT OF JOINTS-- 2084 00:47:32,249 --> 00:47:33,317 THESE SUITS WERE MADE 2085 00:47:33,317 --> 00:47:35,118 TO BE VERY FLEXIBLE. 2086 00:47:35,118 --> 00:47:36,053 THEY WERE MEANT TO BE 2087 00:47:36,053 --> 00:47:37,487 WORN IN EVA, 2088 00:47:37,487 --> 00:47:39,790 OR EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES, 2089 00:47:39,790 --> 00:47:41,558 WHERE SPACE-- UM, ASTRONAUTS 2090 00:47:41,558 --> 00:47:42,726 GO OUTSIDE OF THE SHIP 2091 00:47:42,726 --> 00:47:43,727 OR THE STATION. 2092 00:47:43,727 --> 00:47:44,695 >> YEAH. 2093 00:47:44,695 --> 00:47:46,630 >> AND, UM, THEY ARE ABLE TO 2094 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:48,665 WITHSTAND ALL KINDS OF HAZARDS 2095 00:47:48,665 --> 00:47:49,833 FLYING PAST THEM, 2096 00:47:49,833 --> 00:47:52,869 LIKE METEOROIDS, UM-- NOT TO 2097 00:47:52,869 --> 00:47:54,938 BE CONFUSED WITH ASTEROIDS. 2098 00:47:54,938 --> 00:47:56,073 THAT WOULD BE A PROBLEM. 2099 00:47:56,073 --> 00:47:57,140 [ LAUGHTER ] 2100 00:47:57,140 --> 00:47:58,075 >> IS THAT BIGGER? 2101 00:47:58,075 --> 00:48:00,310 LITTLE BIT BIGGER. OKAY. 2102 00:48:00,310 --> 00:48:02,279 >> I MEAN, AND IN CONTRAST 2103 00:48:02,279 --> 00:48:04,047 TO THE, UH, REALLY ICONIC 2104 00:48:04,047 --> 00:48:06,984 APOLLO ERA SUITS, THE A7L, 2105 00:48:06,984 --> 00:48:08,285 WHICH LOOK AND WERE 2106 00:48:08,285 --> 00:48:10,153 CONSTRUCTED LARGELY OF FABRIC, 2107 00:48:10,153 --> 00:48:11,021 EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE 2108 00:48:11,021 --> 00:48:11,888 HARD COMPONENTS. 2109 00:48:11,888 --> 00:48:12,689 >> MM-HMM. 2110 00:48:12,689 --> 00:48:13,490 >> YOU MIGHT THINK THAT 2111 00:48:13,490 --> 00:48:14,258 THOSE SUITS WOULD BE 2112 00:48:14,258 --> 00:48:15,492 MORE FLEXIBLE THAN A HARD SUIT. 2113 00:48:15,492 --> 00:48:16,293 >> YEAH. 2114 00:48:16,293 --> 00:48:17,127 >> BUT THIS HARD SUIT 2115 00:48:17,127 --> 00:48:19,096 WAS EXTREMELY MANEUVERABLE, 2116 00:48:19,096 --> 00:48:21,531 AND I-I EVEN READ THAT, UH, 2117 00:48:21,531 --> 00:48:23,467 WITHIN THAT SUIT YOU HAVE 2118 00:48:23,467 --> 00:48:26,737 95% MANEUVERABILITY AS YOU DO 2119 00:48:26,737 --> 00:48:28,171 WHEN YOU'RE NAKED. 2120 00:48:28,171 --> 00:48:29,406 >> OKAY, FOR OUR VIEWERS 2121 00:48:29,406 --> 00:48:31,408 AT HOME, PLEASE DON'T DO THAT. 2122 00:48:31,408 --> 00:48:32,442 [ LAUGHTER ] 2123 00:48:32,442 --> 00:48:33,810 >> DON'T TEST THAT OUT. 2124 00:48:33,810 --> 00:48:34,711 >> THAT'S PRETTY GOOD 2125 00:48:34,711 --> 00:48:35,545 FOR A SPACESUIT. 2126 00:48:35,545 --> 00:48:36,647 >> YEAH, I'M HAVING TROUBLE 2127 00:48:36,647 --> 00:48:37,481 IMAGINING THAT, 2128 00:48:37,481 --> 00:48:38,682 BUT THAT-THAT-THAT'S 2129 00:48:38,682 --> 00:48:39,916 A SUPER WEIRD FUN FACT 2130 00:48:39,916 --> 00:48:41,418 AND I ENJOY KNOWING THAT. 2131 00:48:41,418 --> 00:48:42,719 [ LAUGHTER ] 2132 00:48:42,719 --> 00:48:44,755 >> SO SPEAKING OF THAT, 2133 00:48:44,755 --> 00:48:46,423 IF YOU WANTED TO RECREATE THIS 2134 00:48:46,423 --> 00:48:48,825 AT HOME-- MINUS 2135 00:48:48,825 --> 00:48:50,727 THE 95% MANEUVERABILITY 2136 00:48:50,727 --> 00:48:51,628 WHILE YOU'RE NAKED-- 2137 00:48:51,628 --> 00:48:52,462 >> RIGHT, RIGHT. 2138 00:48:52,462 --> 00:48:54,898 >> UH, WHAT MIGHT WE DO? 2139 00:48:54,898 --> 00:48:56,266 >> THIS IS A REALLY DIFFICULT 2140 00:48:56,266 --> 00:48:58,035 ONE FOR ME, AND, UM, CLEARLY 2141 00:48:58,035 --> 00:49:00,070 I'M NOT THE RIGHT PERSON TO 2142 00:49:00,070 --> 00:49:03,206 BE-BE ASKING HOW TO PUT 2143 00:49:03,206 --> 00:49:04,775 TOGETHER A HALLOWEEN COSTUME. 2144 00:49:04,775 --> 00:49:06,476 BUT WE'RE THINKING MAYBE, 2145 00:49:06,476 --> 00:49:09,546 UM, SOME KIND OF DUCT TAPE 2146 00:49:09,546 --> 00:49:11,281 TO BE SHOWING EXACTLY WHERE 2147 00:49:11,281 --> 00:49:12,482 THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS 2148 00:49:12,482 --> 00:49:14,084 WOULD-WOULD BE REMOVED. 2149 00:49:14,084 --> 00:49:15,185 I MEAN, SOMETHING THAT-- 2150 00:49:15,185 --> 00:49:16,219 AND THESE SUITS WERE NEVER USED, 2151 00:49:16,219 --> 00:49:20,023 BUT WHAT MADE THEM SUCH 2152 00:49:20,023 --> 00:49:21,525 AN IMPROVEMENT WAS 2153 00:49:21,525 --> 00:49:22,592 THEIR FLEXIBILITY AND THE FACT 2154 00:49:22,592 --> 00:49:23,627 THAT THEY WERE MODULAR. 2155 00:49:23,627 --> 00:49:24,761 SO THEY COULD BE TAKEN APART 2156 00:49:24,761 --> 00:49:27,197 EASILY, AND, UH, MAINTAINED. 2157 00:49:27,197 --> 00:49:29,333 SO THERE COULD BE SOME KIND OF 2158 00:49:29,333 --> 00:49:31,468 ELEMENT THAT'S SHOWING THAT-- 2159 00:49:31,468 --> 00:49:32,402 YOU KNOW, THAT KIND OF-- 2160 00:49:32,402 --> 00:49:33,270 >> RED DUCT TAPE-- 2161 00:49:33,270 --> 00:49:34,171 THAT'S A GREAT IDEA. 2162 00:49:34,171 --> 00:49:35,639 YOU COULD PUT ON SOME KNEE PADS, 2163 00:49:35,639 --> 00:49:37,040 YOU COULD HAVE A DU-RAG, 2164 00:49:37,040 --> 00:49:38,041 UH, YOU KNOW. 2165 00:49:38,041 --> 00:49:39,209 AND IF YOU COULDN'T QUITE 2166 00:49:39,209 --> 00:49:40,177 PULL OFF THE HELMET, 2167 00:49:40,177 --> 00:49:41,912 YOU COULD SORT OF HAVE 2168 00:49:41,912 --> 00:49:43,113 SOMETHING TO THE SIDE. 2169 00:49:43,113 --> 00:49:44,147 >> HOLDING YOUR HELMET. 2170 00:49:44,147 --> 00:49:45,749 >> YEAH, FISHBOWL. I DUNNO. 2171 00:49:45,749 --> 00:49:49,619 >> OKAY, SO-SO I THINK WE'RE 2172 00:49:49,619 --> 00:49:50,987 GONNA GO AHEAD AND MOVE ON 2173 00:49:50,987 --> 00:49:53,023 TO OUR NEXT ARCHIVE PHOTO. 2174 00:49:53,023 --> 00:49:54,291 >> OKAY, WHILE WE BRING THAT UP, 2175 00:49:54,291 --> 00:49:55,592 CAN I JUST SHARE THAT PEOPLE 2176 00:49:55,592 --> 00:49:57,728 WANT THAT FOR THEIR COSTUME. 2177 00:49:57,728 --> 00:49:59,463 >> IT'S PRETTY COOL, RIGHT? 2178 00:49:59,463 --> 00:50:01,031 UH, THIS ONE IS ACTUALLY 2179 00:50:01,031 --> 00:50:02,232 MY FAVORITE. 2180 00:50:02,232 --> 00:50:03,066 THIS IS-- 2181 00:50:03,066 --> 00:50:03,900 >> WHAT IS THIS? 2182 00:50:03,900 --> 00:50:05,702 >> THIS IS RISQUE FOR 2183 00:50:05,702 --> 00:50:06,903 THE NORMAL HALLOWEEN COSTUME. 2184 00:50:06,903 --> 00:50:08,572 >> RIGHT. YOU'RE GONNA-- 2185 00:50:08,572 --> 00:50:09,806 YOU'RE DARING. 2186 00:50:09,806 --> 00:50:11,608 BY ALL MEANS, RECREATE 2187 00:50:11,608 --> 00:50:12,976 THE LIQUID COOLING 2188 00:50:12,976 --> 00:50:15,412 AND VENTILATION GARMENT. 2189 00:50:15,412 --> 00:50:17,748 AND THIS IS A LATER VERSION 2190 00:50:17,748 --> 00:50:19,583 FROM THE 90s, BUT THESE SUITS 2191 00:50:19,583 --> 00:50:20,550 HAVE BEEN USED FOR 2192 00:50:20,550 --> 00:50:21,785 A VERY LONG TIME. 2193 00:50:21,785 --> 00:50:24,321 AND WHAT THEY HAVE ARE TUBES 2194 00:50:24,321 --> 00:50:25,422 THROUGHOUT THE GARMENT 2195 00:50:25,422 --> 00:50:27,657 THAT HAVE COOL LIQUID FLOWING 2196 00:50:27,657 --> 00:50:29,659 THROUGH THEM, AND THEN 2197 00:50:29,659 --> 00:50:31,061 GO BACK INTO A HEAT EXCHANGER 2198 00:50:31,061 --> 00:50:32,929 AND THE WATER IS COOLED AGAIN, 2199 00:50:32,929 --> 00:50:34,030 AND THEN PUT BACK 2200 00:50:34,030 --> 00:50:35,031 THROUGH THE SUIT. 2201 00:50:35,031 --> 00:50:36,066 AND THIS IS ALL TO KEEP 2202 00:50:36,066 --> 00:50:37,467 THE ASTRONAUT'S, UH, 2203 00:50:37,467 --> 00:50:38,635 BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATED. 2204 00:50:40,237 --> 00:50:39,436 >> OKAY. 2205 00:50:40,237 --> 00:50:41,071 >> SO YOU'D WEAR THIS 2206 00:50:41,071 --> 00:50:41,872 UNDERNEATH A SPACE SUIT 2207 00:50:41,872 --> 00:50:42,806 WHEN YOU'RE IN EVA 2208 00:50:42,806 --> 00:50:43,774 AND, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE 2209 00:50:43,774 --> 00:50:44,641 DOING A LOT OF WORK. 2210 00:50:44,641 --> 00:50:45,776 AND YOU'RE SWEATING. 2211 00:50:45,776 --> 00:50:47,010 AND, YOU KNOW, YOU NEED 2212 00:50:47,010 --> 00:50:48,078 TO BE ABLE TO STAY COOL. 2213 00:50:48,078 --> 00:50:48,945 SO, THAT'S WHAT THIS 2214 00:50:48,945 --> 00:50:49,946 GARMENT DOES. 2215 00:50:49,946 --> 00:50:50,914 UH, THE VENTILATION 2216 00:50:50,914 --> 00:50:52,048 ASPECT OF IT. 2217 00:50:52,048 --> 00:50:53,550 UH, IF YOU CAN SEE, 2218 00:50:53,550 --> 00:50:55,185 THE MATERIAL'S A BIT POROUS. 2219 00:50:55,185 --> 00:50:57,454 IT IS TO BRING THE SWEAT AWAY 2220 00:50:57,454 --> 00:50:58,555 FROM THE ASTRONAUT'S BODY. 2221 00:50:58,555 --> 00:50:59,489 >> OKAY. 2222 00:50:59,489 --> 00:51:00,223 >> YEAH. 2223 00:51:00,223 --> 00:51:00,991 >> THAT'S ACTUALLY PRETTY COOL. 2224 00:51:00,991 --> 00:51:01,758 SO, IT'S KIND OF LIKE 2225 00:51:01,758 --> 00:51:02,893 YOUR UNDERGARMENT FOR 2226 00:51:02,893 --> 00:51:03,960 YOUR SPACE SUIT. 2227 00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:04,828 >> MM-HMM. 2228 00:51:04,828 --> 00:51:06,296 >> AND, UM, YEAH, THEY WERE 2229 00:51:06,296 --> 00:51:07,631 ALSO CALLED "UNION SUITS", 2230 00:51:07,631 --> 00:51:08,799 AFTER THE LONG UNDERWEAR 2231 00:51:08,799 --> 00:51:09,766 WITH THE FLAP IN THE BACK. 2232 00:51:09,766 --> 00:51:11,568 >> YES! 2233 00:51:11,568 --> 00:51:12,869 >> SO AND-- IF YOU'RE 2234 00:51:12,869 --> 00:51:14,171 TOO SHY TO BE WHERE-- 2235 00:51:14,171 --> 00:51:15,639 IF YOU WANNA BE SOMEWHAT RISQUE, 2236 00:51:15,639 --> 00:51:16,773 BUT YOU DON'T WANNA GO FOR 2237 00:51:16,773 --> 00:51:18,275 THE SHEER WHITE UNDERWEAR 2238 00:51:18,275 --> 00:51:19,609 ON HALLOWEEN, THEY DID 2239 00:51:19,609 --> 00:51:20,544 COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. 2240 00:51:20,544 --> 00:51:21,478 >> OKAY. 2241 00:51:21,478 --> 00:51:22,612 >> GOOD TO KNOW. 2242 00:51:22,612 --> 00:51:23,613 >> AND, UH, AND THEN LATER 2243 00:51:23,613 --> 00:51:25,382 VERSIONS WERE MADE MORE SPANDEX. 2244 00:51:25,382 --> 00:51:26,283 THIS ONE WAS KIND OF 2245 00:51:26,283 --> 00:51:27,517 AN ELASTICY FABRIC. 2246 00:51:27,517 --> 00:51:29,619 BUT, UM, MAYBE A WETSUIT WOULD 2247 00:51:29,619 --> 00:51:31,655 ALSO WORK FOR-FOR RECREATING 2248 00:51:31,655 --> 00:51:32,522 THIS, AS WELL. 2249 00:51:32,522 --> 00:51:33,356 >> OH, YEAH. 2250 00:51:33,356 --> 00:51:34,157 >> I MEAN, WHAT I THINK IS 2251 00:51:34,157 --> 00:51:35,192 SO FASCINATING ABOUT THESE 2252 00:51:35,192 --> 00:51:36,126 GARMENTS IS THAT THEY'VE 2253 00:51:36,126 --> 00:51:38,128 BEEN USED FAR BEYOND NASA. 2254 00:51:38,128 --> 00:51:40,697 AND ARE WORN BY RACECAR DRIVERS, 2255 00:51:40,697 --> 00:51:43,733 UH, FIREFIGHTERS, UM, SURGEONS 2256 00:51:43,733 --> 00:51:45,168 WHO ARE DOING LONG OPERATIONS. 2257 00:51:45,168 --> 00:51:46,236 >> OH, WHOA. 2258 00:51:46,236 --> 00:51:47,204 >> THAT'S ACTUALLY PRETTY COOL. 2259 00:51:47,204 --> 00:51:48,104 >> AND, UH, MY FAVORITE ONE 2260 00:51:48,104 --> 00:51:48,872 IS, UM-- AND I NEVER 2261 00:51:48,872 --> 00:51:49,606 THOUGHT OF THIS, 2262 00:51:49,606 --> 00:51:50,607 BUT IT MAKES TOTAL SENSE. 2263 00:51:50,607 --> 00:51:51,775 IF YOU GO TO A THEME PARK 2264 00:51:51,775 --> 00:51:52,709 AND YOU SEE SOMEONE WEARING, 2265 00:51:52,709 --> 00:51:53,643 LIKE, ONE OF THOSE HUGE, 2266 00:51:53,643 --> 00:51:54,744 FURRY ANIMAL COSTUMES-- 2267 00:51:54,744 --> 00:51:55,612 >> MM-HMM. 2268 00:51:55,612 --> 00:51:56,379 >> YES! 2269 00:51:56,379 --> 00:51:57,113 >> ESPECIALLY IF YOU'RE 2270 00:51:57,113 --> 00:51:57,881 SOMEPLACE HOT. 2271 00:51:57,881 --> 00:51:58,715 THEY'LL WEAR ONE OF THESE, 2272 00:51:58,715 --> 00:51:59,850 UH, LIQUID COOLING GARMENTS 2273 00:51:59,850 --> 00:52:00,750 UNDERNEATH. 2274 00:52:00,750 --> 00:52:01,585 >> WOW, THAT'S HILARIOUS. 2275 00:52:01,585 --> 00:52:02,352 >> YEAH, THAT'S ACTUALLY 2276 00:52:02,352 --> 00:52:03,086 REALLY COOL. 2277 00:52:03,086 --> 00:52:04,221 >> I NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT THAT. 2278 00:52:04,221 --> 00:52:06,256 >> AND IT WAS-- AND THEN, I'M-- 2279 00:52:06,256 --> 00:52:07,190 THESE WERE DEVELOPED 2280 00:52:07,190 --> 00:52:08,758 ALL OVER, UM, THROUGHOUT 2281 00:52:08,758 --> 00:52:09,826 DIFFERENT CENTERS. 2282 00:52:09,826 --> 00:52:11,394 BUT THERE WAS ACTUALLY 2283 00:52:11,394 --> 00:52:12,562 A BRITISH PHYSICIAN WHO WAS 2284 00:52:12,562 --> 00:52:14,731 THE FIRST PERSON WHO SAID 2285 00:52:14,731 --> 00:52:15,699 THAT MAYBE WE SHOULD USE 2286 00:52:15,699 --> 00:52:16,900 LIQUID COOLING INSTEAD 2287 00:52:16,900 --> 00:52:18,502 OF AIR OR GAS VENTILATION 2288 00:52:18,502 --> 00:52:19,769 TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. 2289 00:52:19,769 --> 00:52:22,405 AND, UH, HE CAME OVER 2290 00:52:22,405 --> 00:52:23,874 TO THE NASA IN THE 60s. 2291 00:52:23,874 --> 00:52:25,842 AND THEN TO AMES. 2292 00:52:25,842 --> 00:52:27,110 UH, THIS WAS-- HIS NAME 2293 00:52:27,110 --> 00:52:28,311 WAS JOHN BILLINGHAM. 2294 00:52:28,311 --> 00:52:30,013 AND HE'S VERY IMPORTANT 2295 00:52:30,013 --> 00:52:31,515 FOR A LOT OF DIFFERENT REASONS, 2296 00:52:31,515 --> 00:52:33,550 IN ADDITION TO-TO, UH, 2297 00:52:33,550 --> 00:52:34,818 THINKING OF THIS IDEA. 2298 00:52:34,818 --> 00:52:36,119 HE WAS THE-- HE'S KNOWN 2299 00:52:36,119 --> 00:52:37,287 AS THE FATHER OR SETI 2300 00:52:37,287 --> 00:52:38,989 AT NASA AND-- 2301 00:52:38,989 --> 00:52:40,156 >> SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIALS 2302 00:52:40,156 --> 00:52:41,091 INTELLIGENCE. REALLY? 2303 00:52:41,091 --> 00:52:41,925 OH, WOW. 2304 00:52:41,925 --> 00:52:42,626 >> YEAH. 2305 00:52:42,626 --> 00:52:43,426 >> HE-HE DID IT ALL. 2306 00:52:43,426 --> 00:52:44,261 >> THE ASTRO-BIOLOGY COMMUNITY. 2307 00:52:44,261 --> 00:52:45,395 AND I MET HIM. 2308 00:52:45,395 --> 00:52:46,162 >> OH! 2309 00:52:46,162 --> 00:52:46,997 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 2310 00:52:46,997 --> 00:52:47,864 >> ALONG WITH GEORGE COOPER, 2311 00:52:47,864 --> 00:52:48,732 I FORGOT TO MENTION. 2312 00:52:48,732 --> 00:52:49,466 >> OH, NICE! 2313 00:52:49,466 --> 00:52:50,433 >> I GOT TO MEET GEORGE COOPER. 2314 00:52:50,433 --> 00:52:51,334 >> YOU GOT TO MEET LOTS 2315 00:52:51,334 --> 00:52:52,202 AND LOTS OF FAMOUS FOLKS. 2316 00:52:52,202 --> 00:52:53,103 >> RIGHT. YOU WENT TO 2317 00:52:53,103 --> 00:52:54,204 ALL THE STARS AS AN ARCHIVIST, 2318 00:52:54,204 --> 00:52:55,238 I GUESS. 2319 00:52:55,238 --> 00:52:55,939 >> WHO KNEW, HUH? 2320 00:52:55,939 --> 00:52:56,773 >> VERY COOL. 2321 00:52:56,773 --> 00:52:59,309 >> OKAY, WELL, THANK YOU 2322 00:52:59,309 --> 00:53:00,977 APRIL AND LANE FOR JOINING US. 2323 00:53:00,977 --> 00:53:01,945 >> YEAH, THAT WAS FASCINATING. 2324 00:53:01,945 --> 00:53:03,213 >> AND JOINING US ON 2325 00:53:03,213 --> 00:53:05,715 THIS TRIP DOWN MEMORY LANE. 2326 00:53:05,715 --> 00:53:06,917 AND SO DON'T FORGET, 2327 00:53:06,917 --> 00:53:08,885 FOR OUR VIEWERS ON TWITCH, 2328 00:53:08,885 --> 00:53:10,220 IF YOU DO END UP USING 2329 00:53:10,220 --> 00:53:11,688 ANY OF THESE LOOKS OR WEAR 2330 00:53:11,688 --> 00:53:13,790 ANY SPACE-THEMED COSTUMES, 2331 00:53:13,790 --> 00:53:14,991 UH, WE WANNA SEE IT. 2332 00:53:14,991 --> 00:53:16,793 SO YOU CAN GO AHEAD AND SHARE 2333 00:53:16,793 --> 00:53:18,395 YOUR NASA-INSPIRED COSTUMES 2334 00:53:18,395 --> 00:53:20,130 ON SOCIAL MEDIA, USING 2335 00:53:20,130 --> 00:53:23,466 THE HASHTAG, #NASACOSTUME. 2336 00:53:23,466 --> 00:53:24,701 >> SWEET. 2337 00:53:24,701 --> 00:53:25,969 CHECK IT OUT, DANIELLE. 2338 00:53:25,969 --> 00:53:27,137 >> ABBY, WHAT IS GOING ON 2339 00:53:27,137 --> 00:53:28,038 OVER HERE? 2340 00:53:28,038 --> 00:53:29,806 >> I FOUND MORE EXOPLANETS! 2341 00:53:29,806 --> 00:53:30,740 MORE OF THEM. 2342 00:53:30,740 --> 00:53:32,142 I JUST KEEP FINDING THEM. 2343 00:53:32,142 --> 00:53:33,977 KEPLER FOUND SOME REALLY COOL 2344 00:53:33,977 --> 00:53:35,545 PLANETS, LIKE, FOR INSTANCE, 2345 00:53:35,545 --> 00:53:37,247 ONE OF MY FAVORITES IS PLANETS 2346 00:53:37,247 --> 00:53:38,915 AROUND DOUBLE STAR SYSTEMS. 2347 00:53:38,915 --> 00:53:39,849 >> AH! 2348 00:53:39,849 --> 00:53:41,351 >> SO, FOR YOU STAR WARS FANS, 2349 00:53:41,351 --> 00:53:42,686 THAT MEANS DOUBLE SUNSETS 2350 00:53:42,686 --> 00:53:45,088 DO EXIST, LIKE ON TATOOINE. 2351 00:53:45,088 --> 00:53:46,356 >> WHAT? 2352 00:53:46,356 --> 00:53:47,557 >> JUST ONE OF THE MANY THINGS 2353 00:53:47,557 --> 00:53:49,225 THAT OUR KEPLER MISSION 2354 00:53:49,225 --> 00:53:51,361 FOUND OUT ABOUT THE GALAXY. 2355 00:53:51,361 --> 00:53:52,629 >> THAT IS PRETTY COOL. 2356 00:53:52,629 --> 00:53:54,931 THAT IS DEFINITELY PRETTY COOL. 2357 00:53:54,931 --> 00:53:56,833 SO, LET'S GO AHEAD 2358 00:53:56,833 --> 00:53:59,002 AND MOVE RIGHT ON TO 2359 00:53:59,002 --> 00:54:00,904 OUR FINAL CATEGORY. 2360 00:54:00,904 --> 00:54:02,105 I'M SURE THIS IS GONNA BE 2361 00:54:02,105 --> 00:54:03,373 A FAN FAVORITE. 2362 00:54:03,373 --> 00:54:05,308 WE'RE TALKING NASA-INSPIRED 2363 00:54:05,308 --> 00:54:07,110 COSPLAY COSTUMES. 2364 00:54:07,110 --> 00:54:08,812 >> SWEET. 2365 00:54:08,812 --> 00:54:10,080 >> SO, THESE ARE COSPLAY 2366 00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:11,181 COSTUMES, OF COURSE, 2367 00:54:11,181 --> 00:54:12,549 WITH A NASA TWIST. 2368 00:54:12,549 --> 00:54:14,217 SO, LET'S GO AHEAD AND WELCOME 2369 00:54:14,217 --> 00:54:16,152 OUR FIRST GUEST TO THE SET. 2370 00:54:16,152 --> 00:54:18,788 COME ON OUT, UH-- 2371 00:54:18,788 --> 00:54:19,823 >> ROBERT. 2372 00:54:19,823 --> 00:54:21,825 >> ROBERT! 2373 00:54:21,825 --> 00:54:23,326 >> HEY, HEY, YES, THE FORCE 2374 00:54:23,326 --> 00:54:25,128 IS STRONG WITH THIS ONE. 2375 00:54:25,128 --> 00:54:26,963 THIS IS ROBERT AS A JEDI 2376 00:54:26,963 --> 00:54:28,598 IN TRAINING. 2377 00:54:28,598 --> 00:54:30,033 >> IN TRAINING? THAT'S IT? 2378 00:54:30,033 --> 00:54:31,601 >> WELL, MY YOUNG PADAWAN. 2379 00:54:31,601 --> 00:54:32,669 >> YOU-YOU'RE ALMOST THERE. 2380 00:54:32,669 --> 00:54:33,637 YOU'RE ALMOST THERE. 2381 00:54:33,637 --> 00:54:35,438 >> HAVE I NOT LEARNED? 2382 00:54:35,438 --> 00:54:36,473 >> YOU'RE ABOUT TO GRADUATE. 2383 00:54:36,473 --> 00:54:37,374 >> OH, COOL! 2384 00:54:37,374 --> 00:54:38,241 >> THAT'S WHAT I HEARD. 2385 00:54:38,241 --> 00:54:39,009 >> IS THIS THE INTERVIEW FOR IT? 2386 00:54:39,009 --> 00:54:39,709 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 2387 00:54:39,709 --> 00:54:40,644 >> OH, GREAT. 2388 00:54:40,644 --> 00:54:42,479 >> WELL, WELCOME, ROBERT. 2389 00:54:42,479 --> 00:54:44,681 SO, UH, FIRST THINGS FIRST. 2390 00:54:44,681 --> 00:54:46,416 UH, TELL US A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 2391 00:54:46,416 --> 00:54:47,817 WHAT YOU DO HERE AT AMES. 2392 00:54:47,817 --> 00:54:48,818 >> UH, OKAY. SO, MY NAME IS 2393 00:54:48,818 --> 00:54:50,353 ROBERT AND I HAVE WORKED HERE 2394 00:54:50,353 --> 00:54:52,622 AT NASA AMES FOR FIVE YEARS NOW. 2395 00:54:52,622 --> 00:54:54,057 UH, I'M A SYSTEMS ENGINEER. 2396 00:54:54,057 --> 00:54:56,326 AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS WE WORK-- 2397 00:54:56,326 --> 00:54:58,395 OUR TEAM WORKS ON SPACECRAFT 2398 00:54:58,395 --> 00:54:59,763 AND SATELLITE, UH, 2399 00:54:59,763 --> 00:55:00,964 KIND OF ON A SYSTEM-- 2400 00:55:00,964 --> 00:55:02,999 SUB-SYSTEM LEVEL, UH, WHERE WE 2401 00:55:02,999 --> 00:55:04,334 GET TO KINDA MAKE THINGS, 2402 00:55:04,334 --> 00:55:05,869 UH, TEST THINGS, 2403 00:55:05,869 --> 00:55:07,103 OFTENTIMES BREAK THINGS. 2404 00:55:07,103 --> 00:55:08,271 AND THEN-- 2405 00:55:08,271 --> 00:55:09,139 >> THAT'S THE BEST PART. 2406 00:55:09,139 --> 00:55:10,040 >> FIGURE OUT WHY THEY BROKE 2407 00:55:10,040 --> 00:55:10,907 AND MAYBE HOW TO PREVENT THAT 2408 00:55:10,907 --> 00:55:11,708 IN THE FUTURE, BEFORE IT 2409 00:55:11,708 --> 00:55:12,409 GOES UP INTO SPACE. 2410 00:55:12,409 --> 00:55:13,143 >> RIGHT. 2411 00:55:13,143 --> 00:55:13,977 >> OKAY, AND SO SPEAKING 2412 00:55:13,977 --> 00:55:15,111 OF SPACE, LIKE, WHAT HAVE 2413 00:55:15,111 --> 00:55:16,112 YOU GOT OVER HERE? 2414 00:55:16,112 --> 00:55:17,747 >> OKAY, SO THIS BAD BOY 2415 00:55:17,747 --> 00:55:19,215 IS CALLED SPHERES. 2416 00:55:19,215 --> 00:55:21,217 IT STANDS FOR SYNCHRONIZED 2417 00:55:21,217 --> 00:55:23,420 POSITION HOLD ENGAGE REORIENT 2418 00:55:23,420 --> 00:55:25,689 EXPERIMENTAL SATELLITES. UH-- 2419 00:55:25,689 --> 00:55:26,523 >> THAT'S A MOUTHFUL. 2420 00:55:26,523 --> 00:55:27,657 >> YEAH, IT IS A MOUTHFUL, UH-- 2421 00:55:27,657 --> 00:55:28,625 >> JUST SAY SPHERES. 2422 00:55:28,625 --> 00:55:29,626 >> AND MOST-MOST OF THE TIME 2423 00:55:29,626 --> 00:55:31,861 WE CAN'T REMEMBER THE ACRONYM. 2424 00:55:31,861 --> 00:55:33,430 UM, THERE ARE CURRENTLY 2425 00:55:33,430 --> 00:55:34,998 TWO OF THEM ON-STATION. 2426 00:55:34,998 --> 00:55:37,367 AND THEY ARE USED FOR CONDUCTING 2427 00:55:37,367 --> 00:55:39,069 CONTROL THEORY EXPERIMENTS. 2428 00:55:39,069 --> 00:55:39,936 >> WHAT? 2429 00:55:39,936 --> 00:55:41,037 >> AND THINGS LIKE THAT. 2430 00:55:41,037 --> 00:55:41,938 >> OKAY, SO FIRST OF ALL, 2431 00:55:41,938 --> 00:55:42,772 THIS GUY-- GUYS LIKE THIS 2432 00:55:42,772 --> 00:55:43,540 ARE ON THE INTERNATIONAL 2433 00:55:43,540 --> 00:55:44,240 SPACE STATION? 2434 00:55:44,240 --> 00:55:45,008 >> YES, THERE ARE 2435 00:55:45,008 --> 00:55:45,809 TWO IDENTICAL TO THIS. 2436 00:55:45,809 --> 00:55:46,543 >> OKAY. 2437 00:55:46,543 --> 00:55:47,310 >> DIFFERENT COLORS. 2438 00:55:47,310 --> 00:55:48,011 WE ACTUALLY DENOTE THEM 2439 00:55:48,011 --> 00:55:48,745 BY THEIR COLORS. 2440 00:55:48,745 --> 00:55:49,746 THERE IS, UH, A BLUE ONE AND 2441 00:55:49,746 --> 00:55:51,181 A RED ONE CURRENTLY UP THERE. 2442 00:55:51,181 --> 00:55:52,182 >> NOW, I THINK WE HAVE 2443 00:55:52,182 --> 00:55:53,083 SOME FOOTAGE OF THAT-- 2444 00:55:53,083 --> 00:55:54,017 >> YES, DEFINITELY. 2445 00:55:54,017 --> 00:55:54,851 >> ON THE SPACE STATION. 2446 00:55:54,851 --> 00:55:55,618 CAN WE GO AHEAD AND GET THAT 2447 00:55:55,618 --> 00:55:56,352 BROUGHT UP? 2448 00:55:56,352 --> 00:55:57,087 >> OH, LOOK AT 'EM! 2449 00:55:57,087 --> 00:55:57,954 >> YEAH, SO, THIS IS, UH, 2450 00:55:57,954 --> 00:55:58,822 ACTUALLY THE ASTRONAUT ON 2451 00:55:58,822 --> 00:55:59,889 THE RIGHT IS SCOTT KELLY, 2452 00:55:59,889 --> 00:56:00,924 UH, THE GUY WHO WAS UP THERE 2453 00:56:00,924 --> 00:56:02,258 FOR A LITTLE OVER A YEAR. 2454 00:56:02,258 --> 00:56:03,760 THIS WAS A PREVIOUS MISSION 2455 00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:04,828 THAT HE HAD DONE. 2456 00:56:04,828 --> 00:56:05,995 UM, AND THIS KIND OF 2457 00:56:05,995 --> 00:56:07,263 THE, UH, REALLY GOOD EXAMPLE 2458 00:56:07,263 --> 00:56:08,131 TO UNDERSTAND. 2459 00:56:08,131 --> 00:56:09,766 SO THEY ARE, UM, DOING 2460 00:56:09,766 --> 00:56:10,967 JUST A SIMPLE MANEUVER-- 2461 00:56:10,967 --> 00:56:12,102 WELL, NOT AS SIMPLE AS IT 2462 00:56:12,102 --> 00:56:13,636 APPEARS WHERE ONE IS ROTATING, 2463 00:56:13,636 --> 00:56:15,638 UH, AROUND ITSELF. 2464 00:56:15,638 --> 00:56:16,606 AND THEN THE OTHER ONE IS 2465 00:56:16,606 --> 00:56:18,041 ROTATING AROUND THAT ONE IN 2466 00:56:18,041 --> 00:56:18,908 A DIFFERENT PATTERN 2467 00:56:18,908 --> 00:56:19,709 >> OH! 2468 00:56:19,709 --> 00:56:20,443 >> THAT'S JUST SORT OF 2469 00:56:20,443 --> 00:56:21,444 A BASIC EXAMPLE OF-OF WHAT 2470 00:56:21,444 --> 00:56:22,412 THESE THINGS ARE CAPABLE OF. 2471 00:56:22,412 --> 00:56:23,146 >> YEAH. 2472 00:56:23,146 --> 00:56:23,913 >> BUT THERE'S SO MUCH MORE 2473 00:56:23,913 --> 00:56:24,714 THAT THEY CAN DO. 2474 00:56:24,714 --> 00:56:26,049 UM, AND THAT'S KINDA WITH 2475 00:56:26,049 --> 00:56:27,851 THE HELP OF THE EXPANSION PORT 2476 00:56:27,851 --> 00:56:28,651 RIGHT HERE. 2477 00:56:28,651 --> 00:56:29,986 THAT HAS ALLOWED FOR, UH, 2478 00:56:29,986 --> 00:56:31,855 NUMEROUS PAYLOADS AND SCIENCES 2479 00:56:31,855 --> 00:56:34,257 TO BE ADDED ONTO SPHERES TO DO 2480 00:56:34,257 --> 00:56:35,391 WAY MORE THINGS THAT WE MAYBE 2481 00:56:35,391 --> 00:56:36,626 NEVER THOUGHT WAS POSSIBLE 2482 00:56:36,626 --> 00:56:37,660 WITH THE ORIGINAL DESIGN 2483 00:56:37,660 --> 00:56:38,394 OF SPHERES. 2484 00:56:38,394 --> 00:56:39,229 SO, IT'S REALLY COOL 2485 00:56:39,229 --> 00:56:40,530 TO SEE THAT OVER TEN YEARS, 2486 00:56:40,530 --> 00:56:41,798 THAT THIS THING HAS 2487 00:56:41,798 --> 00:56:42,999 SORT OF EXPLODED 2488 00:56:42,999 --> 00:56:44,501 AND-AND WE'VE GOT SOMETHING LIKE 2489 00:56:44,501 --> 00:56:47,270 OVER 300 CREW HOURS ON-STATION, 2490 00:56:47,270 --> 00:56:48,171 IN THE LAST TEN YEARS. 2491 00:56:48,171 --> 00:56:48,938 >> OH, OKAY. 2492 00:56:48,938 --> 00:56:49,672 >> WHICH IS-- 2493 00:56:49,672 --> 00:56:50,406 >> THAT'S PRETTY IMPRESSIVE. 2494 00:56:50,406 --> 00:56:51,107 >> UH, YEAH, I DON'T KNOW 2495 00:56:51,107 --> 00:56:52,175 IF IT'S THE-THE MOST, 2496 00:56:52,175 --> 00:56:53,176 BUT IT'S DEFINITELY UP THERE 2497 00:56:53,176 --> 00:56:54,744 WITH THE MOST, AND, UH, 2498 00:56:54,744 --> 00:56:55,845 WE'RE STILL GOIN' STRONG. 2499 00:56:55,845 --> 00:56:56,813 WE HAVE A TEST SESSION 2500 00:56:56,813 --> 00:56:57,647 NEXT WEEK, 2501 00:56:57,647 --> 00:56:58,515 AS A MATTER OF FACT, SO-- 2502 00:56:58,515 --> 00:56:59,215 >> OH, COOL. 2503 00:56:59,215 --> 00:56:59,883 >> YEAH. 2504 00:56:59,883 --> 00:57:00,717 >> I'VE HEARD THESE HELP 2505 00:57:00,717 --> 00:57:01,584 DO EXPERIMENTS. 2506 00:57:01,584 --> 00:57:02,385 IS THAT TRUE? 2507 00:57:02,385 --> 00:57:03,319 >> YEAH, SO-- 2508 00:57:03,319 --> 00:57:04,087 >> WHAT KIND OF EXPERIMENTS? 2509 00:57:04,087 --> 00:57:06,523 >> SO, UH, WHEN WE WANNA DO 2510 00:57:06,523 --> 00:57:08,191 OR PRACTICE CONTROL THEORY 2511 00:57:08,191 --> 00:57:10,360 FOR SPACECRAFT OR OTHER ROCKETS 2512 00:57:10,360 --> 00:57:11,961 IN A ZERO-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT, 2513 00:57:11,961 --> 00:57:13,463 UH, IT CAN BE VERY DAUNTING 2514 00:57:13,463 --> 00:57:14,664 TO-TO IMMEDIATELY SEND 2515 00:57:14,664 --> 00:57:15,532 SOMETHING UP THERE 2516 00:57:15,532 --> 00:57:16,833 AND NOT HAVE PRACTICED 2517 00:57:16,833 --> 00:57:18,768 AND GOTTEN THE MATH RIGHT, UH, 2518 00:57:18,768 --> 00:57:19,836 'CAUSE THAT'S ALWAYS IMPORTANT. 2519 00:57:19,836 --> 00:57:21,671 SO, UH, WHAT THESE GUYS ALLOW 2520 00:57:21,671 --> 00:57:23,973 FOR IS REALLY BASIC TESTING, 2521 00:57:23,973 --> 00:57:25,742 WELL-WELL WITHIN 2522 00:57:25,742 --> 00:57:26,743 THE CONSTRAINTS OF THE 2523 00:57:26,743 --> 00:57:27,744 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 2524 00:57:27,744 --> 00:57:29,045 IT'S ALWAYS CREW ATTENDED. 2525 00:57:29,045 --> 00:57:30,680 UM, BUT ULTIMATELY, THESE THINGS 2526 00:57:30,680 --> 00:57:31,815 ARE ABLE TO VALIDATE 2527 00:57:31,815 --> 00:57:33,349 AND VERIFY A LOT OF ALGORITHMS 2528 00:57:33,349 --> 00:57:35,618 AND-AND IDEAS AND NEW SENSORS 2529 00:57:35,618 --> 00:57:36,753 THAT THEY CAN MAYBE 2530 00:57:36,753 --> 00:57:38,054 IMPLEMENT ON LARGER SPACECRAFT 2531 00:57:38,054 --> 00:57:38,922 TO AVOID-- 2532 00:57:38,922 --> 00:57:39,823 >> OKAY. 2533 00:57:39,823 --> 00:57:40,757 >> COLLIDING WITH EACH OTHER 2534 00:57:40,757 --> 00:57:41,658 OR THAT THEY CAN 2535 00:57:41,658 --> 00:57:42,559 MORE ACCURATELY DOCK WITH 2536 00:57:42,559 --> 00:57:43,393 THE SPACE STATION. 2537 00:57:43,393 --> 00:57:44,861 OR, UH, REALLY, THE BIG 2538 00:57:44,861 --> 00:57:46,262 PUNCHLINE IS RECONFIGURABLE 2539 00:57:46,262 --> 00:57:48,464 SPACECRAFT IN-IN ORBIT 2540 00:57:48,464 --> 00:57:49,399 OR IF YOU'RE GOING TO 2541 00:57:49,399 --> 00:57:50,533 THE MOON AND YOU WANNA BUILD 2542 00:57:50,533 --> 00:57:51,568 SOME KIND OF STATION AROUND IT, 2543 00:57:51,568 --> 00:57:52,368 YOU HAVE TO HAVE 2544 00:57:52,368 --> 00:57:53,436 MULTIPLE PARTS COME TOGETHER. 2545 00:57:53,436 --> 00:57:54,804 UH, IF YOU'VE GOT THINGS 2546 00:57:54,804 --> 00:57:56,105 THAT CAN AUTONOMOUSLY DO THAT, 2547 00:57:56,105 --> 00:57:57,807 UH, AND SORT OF CONNECT 2548 00:57:57,807 --> 00:57:58,708 EVERYTHING TOGETHER, 2549 00:57:58,708 --> 00:57:59,609 IT'S A LOT OF SAFER, 2550 00:57:59,609 --> 00:58:00,476 SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO HAVE 2551 00:58:00,476 --> 00:58:01,344 ASTRONAUTS DOING IT, 2552 00:58:01,344 --> 00:58:02,378 AND IT'S MUCH MORE AUTOMATED. 2553 00:58:02,378 --> 00:58:03,580 SO THIS-THIS SORT OF HELPS 2554 00:58:03,580 --> 00:58:05,315 VALIDATE A LOT OF THAT. 2555 00:58:05,315 --> 00:58:07,750 BUT AT A MUCH CHEAPER COST, 2556 00:58:07,750 --> 00:58:09,219 BECAUSE YOU ALREADY HAVE THESE 2557 00:58:09,219 --> 00:58:10,753 THINGS IN THE SPACE STATION. 2558 00:58:10,753 --> 00:58:11,788 SO, ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS 2559 00:58:11,788 --> 00:58:13,056 JUST REPROGRAM IT TO DO 2560 00:58:13,056 --> 00:58:14,324 WHATEVER YOU-YOU WANT. 2561 00:58:14,324 --> 00:58:15,625 AND YOU CAN TRY IT OUT. 2562 00:58:15,625 --> 00:58:16,759 AND IF IT DOESN'T WORK SO GOOD, 2563 00:58:16,759 --> 00:58:17,994 THEN YOU CAN TRY SOMETHING ELSE. 2564 00:58:17,994 --> 00:58:18,828 >> OKAY. 2565 00:58:18,828 --> 00:58:20,230 >> WITHOUT A VERY, UH, 2566 00:58:20,230 --> 00:58:21,598 HIGH PRICE POINT, SO-- 2567 00:58:21,598 --> 00:58:22,498 >> YEAH, YEAH. 2568 00:58:22,498 --> 00:58:23,466 >> OKAY, THAT MAKES SENSE. 2569 00:58:23,466 --> 00:58:24,334 SO, ABBY, DO WE HAVE 2570 00:58:24,334 --> 00:58:25,368 ANY QUESTIONS. 2571 00:58:25,368 --> 00:58:26,135 >> WELL, WE DO. 2572 00:58:26,135 --> 00:58:26,903 HERE-HERE'S AN IMPORTANT ONE 2573 00:58:26,903 --> 00:58:27,670 TO START US OFF. 2574 00:58:27,670 --> 00:58:28,371 >> OKAY. 2575 00:58:28,371 --> 00:58:29,772 >> ROBERT, LUKE OR YODA? 2576 00:58:29,772 --> 00:58:30,540 >> LUKE. 2577 00:58:30,540 --> 00:58:31,274 >> OOH! 2578 00:58:31,274 --> 00:58:32,542 >> I'M A-I'M A MARK HAMILL FAN. 2579 00:58:32,542 --> 00:58:33,309 >> OKAY. 2580 00:58:33,309 --> 00:58:34,077 >> BUT I GOTTA SUPPORT 2581 00:58:34,077 --> 00:58:35,278 FRANK OZ, TOO, SO-- 2582 00:58:35,278 --> 00:58:36,012 >> YOU DIDN'T-YOU DIDN'T 2583 00:58:36,012 --> 00:58:36,880 HESITATE AT ALL. 2584 00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:37,714 >> NO, NO. 2585 00:58:37,714 --> 00:58:38,448 >> I MUST SAY. 2586 00:58:38,448 --> 00:58:39,249 >> I'D SAY THE FORCE WAS 2587 00:58:39,249 --> 00:58:39,983 STRONG WITH THIS ONE. 2588 00:58:39,983 --> 00:58:41,017 >> I'D LIKE TO THINK SO. 2589 00:58:41,017 --> 00:58:42,418 >> YES. WHO SHOT FIRST? 2590 00:58:42,418 --> 00:58:44,020 >> HAN. WE'RE NOT EVEN-- 2591 00:58:44,020 --> 00:58:45,655 THAT-THAT QUESTION IS NOT-- 2592 00:58:45,655 --> 00:58:47,257 MOVING ON. 2593 00:58:47,257 --> 00:58:48,224 >> I WILL NOT DIGNIFY THAT 2594 00:58:48,224 --> 00:58:48,958 WITH AN ANSWER. 2595 00:58:48,958 --> 00:58:49,759 >> YEAH, YEAH. 2596 00:58:49,759 --> 00:58:50,927 >> OKAY, SO, IF OUR VIEWERS 2597 00:58:50,927 --> 00:58:53,062 WANTED TO RECREATE-- 2598 00:58:53,062 --> 00:58:53,897 >> THE LOOK? 2599 00:58:53,897 --> 00:58:54,797 >> NOT ONLY THE LOOK, 2600 00:58:54,797 --> 00:58:56,232 BUT ALSO SPHERES, 2601 00:58:56,232 --> 00:58:57,166 WHAT MIGHT WE DO? 2602 00:58:57,166 --> 00:58:59,369 >> OKAY, SO, UH, FOR THE-THE, 2603 00:58:59,369 --> 00:59:02,071 UH, WONDERFUL JEDI GARB, UH, 2604 00:59:02,071 --> 00:59:03,306 YOU COULD START WITH 2605 00:59:03,306 --> 00:59:04,674 SOMETHING AS SIMPLE AS, LIKE, 2606 00:59:04,674 --> 00:59:06,109 A BATHROBE WITH A HOOD 2607 00:59:06,109 --> 00:59:07,143 AND KIND WORK YOUR WAY UP. 2608 00:59:07,143 --> 00:59:08,077 >> MM-HMM. 2609 00:59:08,077 --> 00:59:09,078 >> UM, YOU COULD GET 2610 00:59:09,078 --> 00:59:09,946 JUST A LOT OF FABRIC 2611 00:59:09,946 --> 00:59:10,914 AND SEW IT YOURSELF. 2612 00:59:10,914 --> 00:59:12,482 UH, THE COOL THING IS, LIKE, 2613 00:59:12,482 --> 00:59:15,051 JEDI OUTFITS ARE VERY, LIKE, 2614 00:59:15,051 --> 00:59:16,519 UNDEFINED, OFTENTIMES. 2615 00:59:16,519 --> 00:59:18,288 AND SO IT'S KIND OF LIKE 2616 00:59:18,288 --> 00:59:20,156 CREATOR CHOICE. 2617 00:59:20,156 --> 00:59:21,057 >> OKAY. 2618 00:59:21,057 --> 00:59:21,891 >> YOU KNOW, YOU CAN GET-- 2619 00:59:21,891 --> 00:59:22,859 YOU CAN FIND ROBES AND PAJAMAS. 2620 00:59:22,859 --> 00:59:23,793 AND IF YOU PUT ENOUGH 2621 00:59:23,793 --> 00:59:24,661 SASHES AND BELTS ON IT, 2622 00:59:24,661 --> 00:59:26,062 IT LOOKS STAR WARS-Y. 2623 00:59:26,062 --> 00:59:27,096 AND YOU CAN GO FROM THERE. 2624 00:59:29,299 --> 00:59:28,164 >> IT'LL PASS. 2625 00:59:29,299 --> 00:59:30,199 IF YOU WANTED TO CREATE 2626 00:59:30,199 --> 00:59:30,934 ONE OF THESE BAD BOYS-- 2627 00:59:30,934 --> 00:59:31,668 >> RIGHT. 2628 00:59:31,668 --> 00:59:33,670 >> YEAH, SO, UH, WE ACTUALLY 2629 00:59:33,670 --> 00:59:35,371 HAVE A WOODEN ONE, UH, 2630 00:59:35,371 --> 00:59:37,307 IN OUR LAB THAT WE USE 2631 00:59:37,307 --> 00:59:38,641 AS A MASS ANALOG. 2632 00:59:38,641 --> 00:59:40,176 IT WEIGHS IDENTICALLY TO IT. 2633 00:59:40,176 --> 00:59:41,144 UH, DIMENSIONALLY, 2634 00:59:41,144 --> 00:59:42,078 IT'S THE SAME. 2635 00:59:42,078 --> 00:59:43,413 WE CUT IT WITH A BANDSAW 2636 00:59:43,413 --> 00:59:44,480 AND GLUED IT TOGETHER. 2637 00:59:44,480 --> 00:59:45,548 UH, SO YOU COULD DO THAT 2638 00:59:45,548 --> 00:59:46,416 AND JUST PAINT IT BLACK 2639 00:59:46,416 --> 00:59:47,784 OR WHATEVER MAGICAL COLOR 2640 00:59:47,784 --> 00:59:48,584 YOU COULD THINK OF. 2641 00:59:48,584 --> 00:59:49,385 >> YEAH, COOL. 2642 00:59:49,385 --> 00:59:50,787 >> DID YOU SAY, AND IS IT TRUE, 2643 00:59:50,787 --> 00:59:52,488 THAT THIS INSPIRED-- 2644 00:59:52,488 --> 00:59:54,590 >> YES, SO, THERE IS-- 2645 00:59:54,590 --> 00:59:56,192 THE-THE STORY GOES, AND MAYBE 2646 00:59:56,192 --> 00:59:57,894 THAT'S THE TRUE REASON 2647 00:59:57,894 --> 00:59:59,262 THAT I'M REPRESENTING 2648 00:59:59,262 --> 01:00:00,697 OUR-OUR JEDI BRETHREN IS-- 2649 01:00:00,697 --> 01:00:01,631 >> YES. 2650 01:00:01,631 --> 01:00:03,099 >> THE STORY BEHIND SPHERES 2651 01:00:03,099 --> 01:00:04,934 WAS DAVE MILLER, WHO IS 2652 01:00:04,934 --> 01:00:06,369 A PROFESSOR AT MIT, WHO IS ALSO 2653 01:00:06,369 --> 01:00:07,904 CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST AT AMES 2654 01:00:07,904 --> 01:00:10,573 A FEW YEARS AGO HAD ONE OF 2655 01:00:10,573 --> 01:00:11,874 HIS SENIOR PROJECTS, 2656 01:00:11,874 --> 01:00:13,109 AND HE SHOWED THE CLIP, 2657 01:00:13,109 --> 01:00:14,677 "A NEW HOPE" OF JEDI-- 2658 01:00:14,677 --> 01:00:16,612 OF LUKE PRACTICING WITH 2659 01:00:16,612 --> 01:00:17,747 THE LITTLE DROID FLOATING AROUND 2660 01:00:17,747 --> 01:00:18,982 HITTING HIM WITH THE BLASTER, 2661 01:00:18,982 --> 01:00:20,049 AND HE TOLD HIM TO PUT 2662 01:00:20,049 --> 01:00:20,984 THE FACE SHIELD DOWN, 2663 01:00:20,984 --> 01:00:21,951 AND HAN'S LIKE, "I DON'T 2664 01:00:21,951 --> 01:00:22,852 BELIEVE IN THE FORCE" 2665 01:00:22,852 --> 01:00:24,087 AND ALL THAT FUN STUFF. 2666 01:00:24,087 --> 01:00:25,421 AND HE SHOWED THAT CLIP 2667 01:00:25,421 --> 01:00:26,255 TO HIS STUDENTS, AND HE SAID, 2668 01:00:26,255 --> 01:00:27,090 "I WANT YOU TO MAKE ME 2669 01:00:27,090 --> 01:00:27,857 ONE OF THOSE." 2670 01:00:27,857 --> 01:00:28,725 AND THAT'S WHAT THEY DID 2671 01:00:28,725 --> 01:00:30,193 IS THEY-- YOU KNOW, AS BEST 2672 01:00:30,193 --> 01:00:31,227 THEY COULD, AND IT'S 2673 01:00:31,227 --> 01:00:32,528 NOT SPHERICAL, IRONICALLY 2674 01:00:32,528 --> 01:00:34,197 IT IS CALLED SPHERES. 2675 01:00:34,197 --> 01:00:37,500 BUT IT WAS A VERY STRONG EFFORT 2676 01:00:37,500 --> 01:00:38,835 FROM A BUNCH OF STUDENTS AT MIT 2677 01:00:38,835 --> 01:00:39,869 THAT PUT THIS THING TOGETHER, 2678 01:00:39,869 --> 01:00:41,671 LIKE, 10, 12, 15 YEARS AGO. 2679 01:00:41,671 --> 01:00:43,606 AND THE THING STILL WORKS GREAT. 2680 01:00:43,606 --> 01:00:44,741 AND SO YEAH, IT IS 2681 01:00:44,741 --> 01:00:45,775 STAR WARS INSPIRED. 2682 01:00:45,775 --> 01:00:46,576 WE CAN-- 2683 01:00:46,576 --> 01:00:48,211 >> THAT IS PRETTY COOL. 2684 01:00:48,211 --> 01:00:50,013 >> THAT'S GREAT, EXCELLENT. 2685 01:00:50,013 --> 01:00:51,881 >> OKAY, SO. 2686 01:00:51,881 --> 01:00:52,949 >> ALL RIGHT, I THINK WE HAVE 2687 01:00:52,949 --> 01:00:55,151 TIME FOR ONE QUICK QUESTION 2688 01:00:55,151 --> 01:00:57,720 ABOUT SPHERES' [ INDISTINCT ] 2689 01:00:57,720 --> 01:00:59,288 IS A COMMENT WE GOT. 2690 01:00:59,288 --> 01:01:00,356 >> HECK YEAH, IT IS. 2691 01:01:00,356 --> 01:01:02,225 NASA.GOV/SPHERES, CHECK IT OUT. 2692 01:01:02,225 --> 01:01:03,059 >> OKAY. 2693 01:01:03,059 --> 01:01:04,427 >> OKAY, AND WE'LL ALSO PUT 2694 01:01:04,427 --> 01:01:07,063 THAT IN THE CHAT TWITCH. 2695 01:01:07,063 --> 01:01:08,097 THE TWITCH CHAT. 2696 01:01:08,097 --> 01:01:08,831 >> YEP, YEP. 2697 01:01:08,831 --> 01:01:09,599 >> COOL. 2698 01:01:09,599 --> 01:01:10,299 >> ALL RIGHT. 2699 01:01:10,299 --> 01:01:11,034 >> WELL, THANK YOU ROBERT. 2700 01:01:11,034 --> 01:01:11,768 >> YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. 2701 01:01:11,768 --> 01:01:12,435 >> THANKS FOR JOINING US. 2702 01:01:12,435 --> 01:01:13,169 >> YEAH. 2703 01:01:13,169 --> 01:01:16,105 >> OKAY, SO LET'S GO AHEAD 2704 01:01:16,105 --> 01:01:18,341 AND WELCOME OUR NEXT GUEST. 2705 01:01:18,341 --> 01:01:20,176 SO WHAT WOULD YOU DO 2706 01:01:20,176 --> 01:01:22,178 IF YOU HAVE A BUNCH OF 2707 01:01:22,178 --> 01:01:23,846 ROBOBEES IN SPACE? 2708 01:01:23,846 --> 01:01:24,781 YOU'RE GONNA NEED 2709 01:01:24,781 --> 01:01:26,049 AN ASTROBEEKEEPER. 2710 01:01:26,049 --> 01:01:27,283 SO LET'S GO AHEAD 2711 01:01:27,283 --> 01:01:29,619 AND WELCOME OUT RICK AS 2712 01:01:29,619 --> 01:01:32,088 ASTROBEEKEEPER AND MARIA. 2713 01:01:32,088 --> 01:01:33,389 >> YES, YES. 2714 01:01:33,389 --> 01:01:36,926 [ LAUGHTER ] 2715 01:01:39,762 --> 01:01:40,997 >> I'VE BEEN LOOKING FORWARD 2716 01:01:40,997 --> 01:01:43,900 TO SEEING THE ASTROBEEKEEPER. 2717 01:01:43,900 --> 01:01:44,834 HELLO, RICK. 2718 01:01:44,834 --> 01:01:45,535 >> HELLO. 2719 01:01:45,535 --> 01:01:46,235 >> WELCOME. 2720 01:01:46,235 --> 01:01:48,237 >> HI, MARIA. HI. 2721 01:01:48,237 --> 01:01:50,640 OKAY, SO STARTING US OFF, 2722 01:01:50,640 --> 01:01:52,809 SO MARIA, INTRODUCE YOURSELF 2723 01:01:52,809 --> 01:01:53,876 AND TELL US A LITTLE BIT 2724 01:01:53,876 --> 01:01:54,911 ABOUT WHAT YOU DO. 2725 01:01:54,911 --> 01:01:56,479 >> I'M MARIA BUALAT, 2726 01:01:56,479 --> 01:01:58,114 AND I'M THE PROJECT MANAGER 2727 01:01:58,114 --> 01:02:00,983 FOR THE ASTROBEE PROJECT. 2728 01:02:00,983 --> 01:02:02,618 WE ARE BUILDING THESE 2729 01:02:02,618 --> 01:02:04,120 FREE FLYING ROBOTS FOR 2730 01:02:04,120 --> 01:02:05,321 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 2731 01:02:05,321 --> 01:02:06,122 THANK YOU. 2732 01:02:06,122 --> 01:02:06,956 >> YEAH, HOLD IT UP THERE. 2733 01:02:06,956 --> 01:02:07,890 >> SO THESE ARE JUST SOME 2734 01:02:07,890 --> 01:02:10,059 3D PRINTED MODELS OF IT. 2735 01:02:10,059 --> 01:02:11,527 AND IT'S ACTUALLY-- THIS IS 2736 01:02:11,527 --> 01:02:12,929 A ONE-THIRD SCALE, SO IT'S 2737 01:02:12,929 --> 01:02:14,530 ACTUALLY 12 INCHES 2738 01:02:14,530 --> 01:02:15,631 BY 12 INCHES BY 12 INCHES. 2739 01:02:15,631 --> 01:02:16,432 >> OKAY. 2740 01:02:16,432 --> 01:02:17,233 >> OH, ALL RIGHT. 2741 01:02:17,233 --> 01:02:18,034 >> SO YEAH, IT'S A LITTLE BIT 2742 01:02:18,034 --> 01:02:19,869 BIGGER THAN WHAT YOU SEE HERE. 2743 01:02:19,869 --> 01:02:22,271 >> WHAT DOES ASTROBEE DO? 2744 01:02:22,271 --> 01:02:23,673 >> IT WILL FLY AROUND ON 2745 01:02:23,673 --> 01:02:25,141 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 2746 01:02:25,141 --> 01:02:26,109 IT'S ACTUALLY GOING 2747 01:02:26,109 --> 01:02:27,410 TO REPLACE THE SPHERES, 2748 01:02:27,410 --> 01:02:28,811 WHICH ROBERT JUST TALKED ABOUT. 2749 01:02:28,811 --> 01:02:30,580 SO SPHERES, THEY'VE HAD 2750 01:02:30,580 --> 01:02:31,914 GREAT PAYLOAD, THEY'VE BEEN 2751 01:02:31,914 --> 01:02:33,549 UP THERE FOR OVER TEN YEARS. 2752 01:02:33,549 --> 01:02:34,417 >> WOW, OKAY. 2753 01:02:34,417 --> 01:02:35,284 >> AND THEY ARE STARTING 2754 01:02:35,284 --> 01:02:36,352 TO SHOW THEIR AGE. 2755 01:02:36,352 --> 01:02:37,887 THE THRUSTERS DON'T WORK 2756 01:02:37,887 --> 01:02:38,955 QUITE AS WELL. 2757 01:02:38,955 --> 01:02:39,789 AND YOU KNOW, 2758 01:02:39,789 --> 01:02:41,057 THE PROCESSOR'S OUTDATED. 2759 01:02:41,057 --> 01:02:41,858 >> I SEE. 2760 01:02:41,858 --> 01:02:42,959 >> SO ASTROBEE IS GOING 2761 01:02:42,959 --> 01:02:44,026 TO REPLACE THEM. 2762 01:02:44,026 --> 01:02:44,827 WE'RE GOING TO FLY 2763 01:02:44,827 --> 01:02:45,695 THREE OF THEM. 2764 01:02:45,695 --> 01:02:46,596 AND IT'S GOT 2765 01:02:46,596 --> 01:02:47,697 MORE PROCESSING POWER. 2766 01:02:47,697 --> 01:02:48,865 IT'S A LITTLE EASIER TO 2767 01:02:48,865 --> 01:02:51,134 INTERFACE OTHER PAYLOADS ONTO. 2768 01:02:51,134 --> 01:02:52,034 >> OKAY. 2769 01:02:52,034 --> 01:02:53,202 >> SO THESE ARE PAYLOAD BAYS 2770 01:02:53,202 --> 01:02:55,571 HERE ON THE BOTTOM AND ONE 2771 01:02:55,571 --> 01:02:56,873 ON THE TOP, WHERE YOU CAN 2772 01:02:56,873 --> 01:02:58,107 JUST PLUG IN ANOTHER PAYLOAD 2773 01:02:58,107 --> 01:02:59,242 WITH DIFFERENT SENSORS. 2774 01:02:59,242 --> 01:03:00,109 >> OKAY, YEAH, LIKE SOME 2775 01:03:00,109 --> 01:03:00,943 INSTRUMENTS, MEASURES... 2776 01:03:00,943 --> 01:03:01,777 >> EXACTLY. 2777 01:03:01,777 --> 01:03:03,546 YOU CAN MEASURE CARBON DIOXIDE 2778 01:03:03,546 --> 01:03:05,014 ONBOARD OR RADIATION. 2779 01:03:05,014 --> 01:03:06,015 >> AH, I SEE. 2780 01:03:06,015 --> 01:03:09,051 >> SOUNDS. SO YES, AND THEN 2781 01:03:09,051 --> 01:03:11,487 WE ALSO WILL ACT AS FLYING 2782 01:03:11,487 --> 01:03:13,389 INSTRUMENT OR FLYING CAMERA. 2783 01:03:13,389 --> 01:03:16,058 SO GROUND CONTROLLERS CAN 2784 01:03:16,058 --> 01:03:17,627 ACTUALLY FLY THE ROBOT AROUND 2785 01:03:17,627 --> 01:03:18,761 AND THERE'S A HIGH DEFINITION 2786 01:03:18,761 --> 01:03:20,696 CAMERA ON IT SO THEY 2787 01:03:20,696 --> 01:03:21,898 CAN ACTUALLY OBSERVE 2788 01:03:21,898 --> 01:03:23,199 CREW ACTIVITIES. 2789 01:03:23,199 --> 01:03:24,267 SO CREW DOESN'T HAVE TO 2790 01:03:24,267 --> 01:03:25,501 ACTUALLY PLACE A CAMERA. 2791 01:03:25,501 --> 01:03:26,769 THE GROUND CONTROLLERS 2792 01:03:26,769 --> 01:03:27,670 JUST FLY UP-- 2793 01:03:27,670 --> 01:03:28,604 >> SO THE CREW CAN TAKE ALL OF 2794 01:03:28,604 --> 01:03:29,539 THE SELFIES THAT THEY WANT? 2795 01:03:29,539 --> 01:03:30,840 >> THAT'S RIGHT, YEAH. 2796 01:03:30,840 --> 01:03:31,941 THAT'S REALLY THE GOAL HERE, 2797 01:03:31,941 --> 01:03:32,808 I THINK. 2798 01:03:32,808 --> 01:03:33,676 >> THERE IS A TOUCH SCREEN 2799 01:03:33,676 --> 01:03:34,544 ON THE FRONT, ALSO, 2800 01:03:34,544 --> 01:03:35,578 SO THE CREW CAN ALSO 2801 01:03:35,578 --> 01:03:37,079 INTERACT WITH THE ROBOT. 2802 01:03:37,079 --> 01:03:37,880 >> OH, COOL, OKAY. 2803 01:03:37,880 --> 01:03:38,681 SO YOU MENTIONED 2804 01:03:38,681 --> 01:03:39,715 THEY'RE FLYING ABOARD THE 2805 01:03:39,715 --> 01:03:41,117 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 2806 01:03:41,117 --> 01:03:42,285 HOW MANY OF THEM ARE GONNA BE-- 2807 01:03:42,285 --> 01:03:43,286 ARE THERE GONNA BE? 2808 01:03:43,286 --> 01:03:44,053 >> THREE. 2809 01:03:44,053 --> 01:03:44,921 >> THERE'LL BE THREE ON BOARD. 2810 01:03:44,921 --> 01:03:45,855 WE ALSO WILL HAVE THREE 2811 01:03:45,855 --> 01:03:46,889 GROUND UNITS, SO WE CAN TEST 2812 01:03:46,889 --> 01:03:48,424 EVERYTHING OUT ON THE GROUND 2813 01:03:48,424 --> 01:03:49,792 BEFORE WE FLY IT. 2814 01:03:49,792 --> 01:03:50,760 >> OKAY, DO THEY HAVE 2815 01:03:50,760 --> 01:03:51,994 ANY CREATIVE NAMES, 2816 01:03:51,994 --> 01:03:52,762 KEEPING WITH THE BEE THEME? 2817 01:03:52,762 --> 01:03:53,563 >> THEY DO. 2818 01:03:53,563 --> 01:03:54,664 THEY ARE COLOR CODED. 2819 01:03:54,664 --> 01:03:56,265 AND THEY HAVE NICKNAMES, 2820 01:03:56,265 --> 01:03:57,700 SO THEY ARE ALL ASTROBEES. 2821 01:03:57,700 --> 01:03:58,634 >> OKAY. 2822 01:03:58,634 --> 01:04:00,403 >> BUT THEY EACH HAVE A NAME, 2823 01:04:00,403 --> 01:04:02,638 SO HONEY IS YELLOW. 2824 01:04:02,638 --> 01:04:03,706 >> OKAY. 2825 01:04:03,706 --> 01:04:05,308 >> BUMBLE IS BLUE. 2826 01:04:05,308 --> 01:04:06,475 AND QUEEN IS GREEN. 2827 01:04:06,475 --> 01:04:07,510 >> ALL RIGHT, OKAY. 2828 01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:09,145 >> SO YEAH, SO THAT WAY WE CAN 2829 01:04:09,145 --> 01:04:10,379 TELL THEM APART WHEN WE'RE 2830 01:04:10,379 --> 01:04:12,114 LOOKING AT VIDEO ON STATION, 2831 01:04:12,114 --> 01:04:13,449 CREW CAN TELL THEM APART. 2832 01:04:13,449 --> 01:04:15,451 THEY SAY, "OH, QUEEN STUCK TO 2833 01:04:15,451 --> 01:04:17,753 A VENT, SO, YOU KNOW, 2834 01:04:17,753 --> 01:04:19,121 RESCUE QUEEN," BUT... 2835 01:04:19,121 --> 01:04:20,489 >> AND YOU KNOW, I THINK-- 2836 01:04:20,489 --> 01:04:21,490 DO WE HAVE--? 2837 01:04:21,490 --> 01:04:22,692 WE HAVE SOME ANIMATION. 2838 01:04:22,692 --> 01:04:23,960 WE HAVE A COUPLE OF IMAGES, 2839 01:04:23,960 --> 01:04:25,027 SO WE CAN GO AHEAD AND BRING 2840 01:04:25,027 --> 01:04:26,128 THAT UP ON SCREEN? 2841 01:04:26,128 --> 01:04:26,996 >> LET'S SEE 2842 01:04:26,996 --> 01:04:27,897 THE REAL DEAL ASTROBEE. 2843 01:04:27,897 --> 01:04:29,131 >> YEAH, SO THIS IS A COMPUTER 2844 01:04:29,131 --> 01:04:31,100 ANIMATION OF WHAT ASTROBEE 2845 01:04:31,100 --> 01:04:32,368 WILL LOOK LIKE ON STATION. 2846 01:04:32,368 --> 01:04:33,402 SO THERE'S A GREEN ONE, 2847 01:04:33,402 --> 01:04:34,503 SO THAT MUST BE QUEEN. 2848 01:04:34,503 --> 01:04:37,707 AND I SAID, IT CAN RUN 2849 01:04:37,707 --> 01:04:38,774 DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS. 2850 01:04:38,774 --> 01:04:39,675 SO HERE IT'S USING ITS 2851 01:04:39,675 --> 01:04:42,011 MANIPULATOR TO GRAB SOMETHING. 2852 01:04:42,011 --> 01:04:44,213 OR PERHAPS EVEN MOVE CARGO, 2853 01:04:44,213 --> 01:04:45,147 SO WE HAVE TWO OF THEM 2854 01:04:45,147 --> 01:04:46,482 WORKING, COOPERATING. 2855 01:04:46,482 --> 01:04:47,416 >> OH, WOW, OKAY. 2856 01:04:47,416 --> 01:04:48,251 >> HAVE ONE PULLING 2857 01:04:48,251 --> 01:04:50,486 AND ONE PUSHING, SO THAT WAS 2858 01:04:50,486 --> 01:04:51,687 BLUE IN THE BACK THERE, 2859 01:04:51,687 --> 01:04:52,655 SO IT MUST HAVE BEEN 2860 01:04:52,655 --> 01:04:53,422 BUMBLE HELPING ALONG. 2861 01:04:53,422 --> 01:04:54,257 >> OKAY, YEAH. 2862 01:04:54,257 --> 01:04:54,991 HERE'S A QUESTION THAT 2863 01:04:54,991 --> 01:04:55,758 I'M WONDERING TOO. 2864 01:04:55,758 --> 01:04:57,059 HOW DOES IT FLY ON 2865 01:04:57,059 --> 01:04:57,893 THE SPACE STATION? 2866 01:04:57,893 --> 01:04:59,629 >> SO IT'S-- WHEN YOU LOOK 2867 01:04:59,629 --> 01:05:00,730 AT IT, IT'S KIND OF-- 2868 01:05:00,730 --> 01:05:01,597 WE CALL IT-- IT'S SORT OF 2869 01:05:01,597 --> 01:05:02,565 LIKE A HAMBURGER, RIGHT? 2870 01:05:02,565 --> 01:05:03,599 EXCEPT IT FLIES THIS WAY. 2871 01:05:03,599 --> 01:05:05,768 AND EACH OF THE BUNS IS 2872 01:05:05,768 --> 01:05:07,270 A PROPULSION MODULE. 2873 01:05:07,270 --> 01:05:08,804 AND THERE IS AN IMPELLER, 2874 01:05:08,804 --> 01:05:10,206 A FAN, BASICALLY, 2875 01:05:10,206 --> 01:05:11,407 THAT PULLS AIR IN. 2876 01:05:11,407 --> 01:05:12,475 SO THIS ONLY WORKS 2877 01:05:12,475 --> 01:05:14,176 INSIDE THE SPACE STATION. 2878 01:05:14,176 --> 01:05:15,878 IT WON'T WORK OUTSIDE. 2879 01:05:15,878 --> 01:05:17,346 SO IT PULLS AIR IN 2880 01:05:17,346 --> 01:05:18,614 AND LIGHTLY PRESSURIZES 2881 01:05:18,614 --> 01:05:19,915 THE PROPULSION MODULE. 2882 01:05:19,915 --> 01:05:21,784 AND THEN ON EACH FACE, 2883 01:05:21,784 --> 01:05:23,252 THERE'S A NOZZLE, AND THEN 2884 01:05:23,252 --> 01:05:25,021 TWO HERE ON THE ENDS. 2885 01:05:25,021 --> 01:05:26,889 SO IT CAN FLY IN ANY DIRECTION 2886 01:05:26,889 --> 01:05:29,225 AND ROTATE AROUND ANY ACCESS. 2887 01:05:29,225 --> 01:05:31,027 SO THAT'S HOW IT FLIES. 2888 01:05:31,027 --> 01:05:31,927 >> HOW COOL. 2889 01:05:31,927 --> 01:05:32,795 >> THAT'S ACTUALLY PRETTY COOL. 2890 01:05:32,795 --> 01:05:33,562 >> AND THE WAY IT NAVIGATES 2891 01:05:33,562 --> 01:05:34,363 IS THERE ARE CAMERAS 2892 01:05:34,363 --> 01:05:35,464 IN THE FRONT, AND IT USES 2893 01:05:35,464 --> 01:05:37,266 ITS NAVIGATION CAMERA TO-- 2894 01:05:37,266 --> 01:05:38,868 IT SEES FEATURES, 2895 01:05:38,868 --> 01:05:40,836 JUST NATURAL TEXTURES, 2896 01:05:40,836 --> 01:05:42,004 VISUAL TEXTURES, 2897 01:05:42,004 --> 01:05:42,972 IN THE SPACE STATION. 2898 01:05:42,972 --> 01:05:43,906 IT BUILDS A MAP, 2899 01:05:43,906 --> 01:05:44,740 AND THEN COMPARES 2900 01:05:44,740 --> 01:05:45,808 WHAT IT SEES TO ITS MAP 2901 01:05:45,808 --> 01:05:47,043 SO IT KNOWS WHERE IT IS. 2902 01:05:47,043 --> 01:05:48,044 >> AH, SO I WOULD SAY 2903 01:05:48,044 --> 01:05:49,612 IT'S ALMOST BEE-LIKE. 2904 01:05:49,612 --> 01:05:51,647 >> YES, AND IT BUZZES. 2905 01:05:51,647 --> 01:05:52,481 >> IT DOES? 2906 01:05:52,481 --> 01:05:54,083 >> WELL, IT'S GOT FANS GOING 2907 01:05:54,083 --> 01:05:55,084 AROUND IT, SO IT'S GOT 2908 01:05:55,084 --> 01:05:56,419 A LITTLE BIT OF A BUZZ TO IT. 2909 01:05:56,419 --> 01:05:57,653 SO THAT'S HOW IT BECAME KNOWN 2910 01:05:57,653 --> 01:05:58,487 AS ASTROBEE. 2911 01:05:58,487 --> 01:05:59,388 >> OH, REALLY? ALL RIGHT. 2912 01:05:59,388 --> 01:06:00,222 >> AND HOPEFULLY WILL BE BUSY 2913 01:06:00,222 --> 01:06:01,123 AS A BEE ON THERE. 2914 01:06:01,123 --> 01:06:02,325 >> OH, GOOD POINT, GOOD POINT. 2915 01:06:02,325 --> 01:06:03,559 IT ALL COMES TOGETHER. 2916 01:06:03,559 --> 01:06:04,427 >> IT DOES. 2917 01:06:04,427 --> 01:06:06,896 [ LAUGHTER ] 2918 01:06:06,896 --> 01:06:07,863 >> HEY, RICK. 2919 01:06:07,863 --> 01:06:08,898 >> HEY, HOW'S IT GOING ABBY? 2920 01:06:08,898 --> 01:06:10,499 >> PRETTY GOOD. 2921 01:06:10,499 --> 01:06:12,268 THANKS FOR DEMOING 2922 01:06:12,268 --> 01:06:13,302 ASTROBEEKEEPER. 2923 01:06:13,302 --> 01:06:14,203 >> OH, MY PLEASURE, 2924 01:06:14,203 --> 01:06:15,404 MY PLEASURE. 2925 01:06:15,404 --> 01:06:16,472 I'VE ALWAYS WANTED TO BE 2926 01:06:16,472 --> 01:06:18,674 A ASTROBEEKEEPER. 2927 01:06:18,674 --> 01:06:19,642 >> WHO HASN'T? 2928 01:06:19,642 --> 01:06:20,976 I MEAN, WE'VE ALL DREAMT 2929 01:06:20,976 --> 01:06:21,911 OF THAT. 2930 01:06:21,911 --> 01:06:22,812 SO RICK, WHERE DO YOU LAND 2931 01:06:22,812 --> 01:06:24,914 ON THE LUKE OR YODA QUESTION? 2932 01:06:24,914 --> 01:06:25,815 >> ON THE WHAT? 2933 01:06:25,815 --> 01:06:27,817 >> LUKE OR YODA? 2934 01:06:27,817 --> 01:06:28,718 >> YODA. 2935 01:06:28,718 --> 01:06:29,485 >> AND ALSO-- 2936 01:06:29,485 --> 01:06:30,252 >> YODA HAS HAIR COMING OUT 2937 01:06:30,252 --> 01:06:31,020 OF HIS EARS. 2938 01:06:31,020 --> 01:06:32,054 LIKE, WHAT A GREAT-- 2939 01:06:32,054 --> 01:06:33,289 WHAT GREAT CHARACTER DESIGN, 2940 01:06:33,289 --> 01:06:34,123 COME ON. 2941 01:06:34,123 --> 01:06:35,825 >> CHARACTER DESIGN. 2942 01:06:35,825 --> 01:06:37,493 >> FABULOUS, ALL RIGHT. 2943 01:06:37,493 --> 01:06:38,694 >> OKAY, WELL, THANK YOU 2944 01:06:38,694 --> 01:06:39,929 RICK AND MARIA. 2945 01:06:39,929 --> 01:06:40,896 IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE HAVING 2946 01:06:40,896 --> 01:06:41,897 YOU GUYS ON THE SHOW, 2947 01:06:41,897 --> 01:06:42,965 BUT WE ARE GONNA SEE YOU 2948 01:06:42,965 --> 01:06:43,799 A LITTLE BIT LATER, 2949 01:06:43,799 --> 01:06:44,600 BECAUSE WE HAVE TO VOTE 2950 01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:45,634 ON OUR COSTUMES. 2951 01:06:45,634 --> 01:06:46,535 >> YEAH. 2952 01:06:46,535 --> 01:06:48,137 >> VERY NICE BEEKEEPER COSTUME. 2953 01:06:48,137 --> 01:06:49,305 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 2954 01:06:49,305 --> 01:06:50,940 SO THANKS FOR BEING ON. 2955 01:06:50,940 --> 01:06:51,807 >> THANK YOU. 2956 01:06:51,807 --> 01:06:53,476 >> SO FOR OUR VIEWERS ON TWITCH, 2957 01:06:53,476 --> 01:06:55,077 DON'T FORGET. YOU GUYS CAN VOTE 2958 01:06:55,077 --> 01:06:56,078 FOR YOUR FAVORITE CONT-- 2959 01:06:56,078 --> 01:06:57,279 YOUR FAVORITE COSTUMES, 2960 01:06:57,279 --> 01:06:58,714 AND IF YOU DO END UP USING 2961 01:06:58,714 --> 01:07:01,183 ANY OF THESE NASA INSPIRED 2962 01:07:01,183 --> 01:07:03,319 COSPLAY OR ANY SPACE THEME, 2963 01:07:03,319 --> 01:07:05,020 YOU CAN GO AHEAD AND TAG US 2964 01:07:05,020 --> 01:07:06,956 ON OUR SOCIAL MEDIA CHANNELS, 2965 01:07:06,956 --> 01:07:08,991 HASHTAG #NASACOSTUME. 2966 01:07:08,991 --> 01:07:10,092 >> YEAH, I'M GONNA GO CHECK 2967 01:07:10,092 --> 01:07:11,394 THAT OUT AFTER THIS. 2968 01:07:11,394 --> 01:07:12,928 SEE WHAT'S UP THERE. 2969 01:07:12,928 --> 01:07:14,296 ALL RIGHT, SO NEXT UP, 2970 01:07:14,296 --> 01:07:15,331 EVERYBODY KNOWS 2971 01:07:15,331 --> 01:07:16,665 MARY POPPINS, RIGHT? 2972 01:07:16,665 --> 01:07:18,200 SO OUR NASA VERSION IS 2973 01:07:18,200 --> 01:07:19,769 MARY TECHNO-POPPINS, 2974 01:07:19,769 --> 01:07:20,936 WITH SOME INNOVATIVE 2975 01:07:20,936 --> 01:07:23,005 NASA HEAT SHIELD TECHNOLOGY 2976 01:07:23,005 --> 01:07:23,839 THAT THEY'RE GONNA 2977 01:07:23,839 --> 01:07:24,740 TELL US ABOUT. 2978 01:07:24,740 --> 01:07:28,077 SO COME ON OUT, PAUL. 2979 01:07:28,077 --> 01:07:29,678 >> AND ROXANA. 2980 01:07:29,678 --> 01:07:32,882 >> AND ROXANA, HELLO. 2981 01:07:34,517 --> 01:07:38,020 YOU ARE ADORABLE. 2982 01:07:38,020 --> 01:07:38,888 SO WHY DON'T YOU GUYS 2983 01:07:38,888 --> 01:07:40,156 GO AHEAD AND COME ON UP. 2984 01:07:40,156 --> 01:07:43,459 >> JOIN US UP ON-- UP HERE. 2985 01:07:43,459 --> 01:07:45,127 >> SO CUTE, AND I LOVE 2986 01:07:45,127 --> 01:07:48,464 YOUR UMBRELLA. 2987 01:07:48,464 --> 01:07:51,767 >> THANK YOU, SO IF YOU GUYS 2988 01:07:51,767 --> 01:07:53,702 CAN INTRODUCE YOURSELF 2989 01:07:53,702 --> 01:07:55,171 AND LET US KNOW WHAT YOU 2990 01:07:55,171 --> 01:07:56,605 DO HERE AT AMES. 2991 01:07:56,605 --> 01:07:57,907 >> SURE, MY NAME IS 2992 01:07:57,907 --> 01:07:59,074 PAUL WERCINSKI. 2993 01:07:59,074 --> 01:08:00,843 I'M A AEROSPACE ENGINEER. 2994 01:08:00,843 --> 01:08:02,478 CURRENTLY THE PROJECT MANAGER 2995 01:08:02,478 --> 01:08:06,148 FOR ADEPT. AND WE'VE BEEN 2996 01:08:06,148 --> 01:08:08,150 WORKING HEAT SHIELDS AT AMES 2997 01:08:08,150 --> 01:08:10,486 HERE FOR QUITE A LONG WHILE, 2998 01:08:10,486 --> 01:08:11,887 AND THIS IS OUR LATEST 2999 01:08:11,887 --> 01:08:13,389 GENERATION OF A NEW TYPE 3000 01:08:13,389 --> 01:08:14,356 OF HEAT SHIELD. 3001 01:08:14,356 --> 01:08:15,991 >> OKAY, SO YOU MENTION ADEPT. 3002 01:08:15,991 --> 01:08:16,926 >> YES. 3003 01:08:16,926 --> 01:08:17,726 >> WHAT IS THAT? 3004 01:08:17,726 --> 01:08:18,494 BECAUSE I KNOW THERE'S 3005 01:08:18,494 --> 01:08:19,361 AN ACRONYM FOR EVERYTHING, 3006 01:08:19,361 --> 01:08:20,095 OF COURSE. 3007 01:08:20,095 --> 01:08:21,197 >> THERE IS. 3008 01:08:21,197 --> 01:08:23,299 ADEPT STANDS FOR ADAPTABLE, 3009 01:08:23,299 --> 01:08:25,267 DEPLOYABLE, ENTRY, 3010 01:08:25,267 --> 01:08:26,902 AND PLACEMENT TECHNOLOGY. 3011 01:08:26,902 --> 01:08:28,771 SO IT IS A MOUTHFUL. 3012 01:08:28,771 --> 01:08:31,106 THE WAY WE DESCRIBE IT IS JUST 3013 01:08:31,106 --> 01:08:32,875 WITH THE UMBRELLA ANALOGY, 3014 01:08:32,875 --> 01:08:35,711 IT'S STOWED ON THE GROUND 3015 01:08:35,711 --> 01:08:37,046 OR IN YOUR LAUNCH VEHICLE, 3016 01:08:37,046 --> 01:08:38,180 AND BEFORE IT GETS TO 3017 01:08:38,180 --> 01:08:39,682 A PLANET IT OPENS UP TO DO 3018 01:08:39,682 --> 01:08:40,950 ITS JOB AS A HEAT SHIELD. 3019 01:08:40,950 --> 01:08:42,151 >> OKAY. AND YOU KNOW, 3020 01:08:42,151 --> 01:08:43,819 I THINK WE HAVE 3021 01:08:43,819 --> 01:08:46,388 SOME FOOTAGE OF ADEPT. 3022 01:08:46,388 --> 01:08:47,189 SO CAN WE GO AHEAD AND GET 3023 01:08:47,189 --> 01:08:48,357 THAT BROUGHT ON SCREEN. 3024 01:08:48,357 --> 01:08:49,525 >> OH, YEAH. 3025 01:08:49,525 --> 01:08:52,027 THAT'S IT OPENING UP, HUH? 3026 01:08:52,027 --> 01:08:53,329 >> YES, THIS IS THE LAB HERE 3027 01:08:53,329 --> 01:08:55,431 AT AMES, AND THERE'S SOME OF 3028 01:08:55,431 --> 01:08:57,066 THE EARLY PROTOTYPES JUST 3029 01:08:57,066 --> 01:08:59,335 GOING THROUGH DEPLOYMENT. 3030 01:08:59,335 --> 01:09:00,436 AND HERE YOU'RE SEEING 3031 01:09:00,436 --> 01:09:01,837 THE ARC JETS ALSO HERE AT AMES. 3032 01:09:01,837 --> 01:09:02,805 THOSE ARE THE BEST 3033 01:09:02,805 --> 01:09:04,907 FACILITIES FOR SIMULATING 3034 01:09:04,907 --> 01:09:07,576 THE HIGH HEATING RATES 3035 01:09:07,576 --> 01:09:09,945 THAT PROBE OR A HEAT SHIELD 3036 01:09:09,945 --> 01:09:10,880 WILL SEE WHEN IT'S FLYING 3037 01:09:10,880 --> 01:09:11,981 INTO A PLANET'S SURFACE. 3038 01:09:11,981 --> 01:09:13,449 AND THERE'S ONE OF THE ADEPTS 3039 01:09:13,449 --> 01:09:14,950 IN THERE GLOWING RED HOT. 3040 01:09:14,950 --> 01:09:15,751 >> I WAS GOING TO SAY, 3041 01:09:15,751 --> 01:09:16,519 WHY DON'T YOU REMIND US, 3042 01:09:16,519 --> 01:09:17,186 ACTUALLY, WHAT IS IT 3043 01:09:17,186 --> 01:09:17,987 ABOUT HEAT SHIELDS? 3044 01:09:17,987 --> 01:09:19,054 WHAT ARE THEY USED FOR 3045 01:09:19,054 --> 01:09:20,523 AND WHEN ARE THEY NECESSARY? 3046 01:09:20,523 --> 01:09:22,057 >> SURE, WELL, HEAT SHIELDS 3047 01:09:22,057 --> 01:09:26,095 FOR ANY VEHICLE GOING TO MARS, 3048 01:09:26,095 --> 01:09:28,898 PUTTING THE ROVERS DOWN, 3049 01:09:28,898 --> 01:09:30,232 ASTRONAUTS RETURNING BACK 3050 01:09:30,232 --> 01:09:31,934 TO EARTH, ALL KINDS OF THINGS. 3051 01:09:31,934 --> 01:09:32,868 IF YOU'RE FLYING THROUGH 3052 01:09:32,868 --> 01:09:34,203 A PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE, 3053 01:09:34,203 --> 01:09:35,538 YOU NEED A HEAT SHIELD 3054 01:09:35,538 --> 01:09:36,805 TO PROTECT YOUR PAYLOAD 3055 01:09:36,805 --> 01:09:37,973 FROM BURNING UP, OR ELSE 3056 01:09:37,973 --> 01:09:39,174 YOU WOULD END UP LIKE 3057 01:09:39,174 --> 01:09:40,175 A METEORITE OR SOMETHING. 3058 01:09:40,175 --> 01:09:41,911 >> YEAH, YEAH, RIGHT. 3059 01:09:41,911 --> 01:09:42,978 A VERY SENSITIVE SHOOTING STAR. 3060 01:09:42,978 --> 01:09:44,013 >> OKAY, WELL, WE DON'T LEAVE 3061 01:09:44,013 --> 01:09:45,414 ROXANA LEFT OUT, SO PLEASE 3062 01:09:45,414 --> 01:09:46,415 TELL ME A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 3063 01:09:46,415 --> 01:09:48,050 WHAT YOU DO HERE AT AMES. 3064 01:09:48,050 --> 01:09:50,052 >> SO YES, MY NAME IS ROXANA, 3065 01:09:50,052 --> 01:09:52,655 AND WHAT I DO IS THE TRAVEL 3066 01:09:52,655 --> 01:09:55,024 REGIONALIZATION WITH ARMSTRONG 3067 01:09:55,024 --> 01:09:57,092 AND DEPLOYMENTS CAMPAIGN 3068 01:09:57,092 --> 01:09:58,294 HERE AT AMES. 3069 01:09:58,294 --> 01:09:59,528 >> OKAY. 3070 01:09:59,528 --> 01:10:00,963 YEAH, THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 3071 01:10:00,963 --> 01:10:03,465 SO, YOU TALKED A LITTLE BIT 3072 01:10:03,465 --> 01:10:04,466 ABOUT ENTRY. 3073 01:10:04,466 --> 01:10:06,001 SO WHAT EXACTLY-- WHAT DOES 3074 01:10:06,001 --> 01:10:08,270 ADEPT HOPE TO SOLVE? 3075 01:10:08,270 --> 01:10:09,672 >> UP TO NOW, WE'VE BEEN 3076 01:10:09,672 --> 01:10:11,173 BUILDING HEAT SHIELDS, WHICH 3077 01:10:11,173 --> 01:10:12,408 WE CALL RIGID HEAT SHIELDS. 3078 01:10:12,408 --> 01:10:13,542 SO, BASICALLY, THEY'RE 3079 01:10:13,542 --> 01:10:14,810 A BIG, SAUCER-LIKE DISH. 3080 01:10:14,810 --> 01:10:15,778 >> OKAY. 3081 01:10:15,778 --> 01:10:16,812 >> UH, COVERED WITH SPECIAL 3082 01:10:16,812 --> 01:10:18,447 MATERIALS-- BLADE OF MATERIALS, 3083 01:10:18,447 --> 01:10:21,016 A NOSE, UM, ARE MADE TO 3084 01:10:21,016 --> 01:10:22,184 SURVIVE THE HIGH HEATING 3085 01:10:22,184 --> 01:10:23,018 DURING ENTRY. 3086 01:10:23,018 --> 01:10:24,019 AND THOSE HAVE WORKED VERY WELL. 3087 01:10:24,019 --> 01:10:25,621 WE'VE USED THEM SUCCESSFULLY. 3088 01:10:25,621 --> 01:10:28,324 UM, BUT WHAT WE ARE SEEING NOW 3089 01:10:28,324 --> 01:10:29,792 IS OTHER MISSIONS 3090 01:10:29,792 --> 01:10:32,227 WHERE THESE HEAT SHIELDS, 3091 01:10:32,227 --> 01:10:33,596 UH, THAT WE NEED TO SATISFY 3092 01:10:33,596 --> 01:10:35,164 A MISSION NEEDS TO BE 3093 01:10:35,164 --> 01:10:37,866 EVEN BIGGER THAN WHAT OUR 3094 01:10:37,866 --> 01:10:39,335 LARGEST ROCKETS WE'RE DESIGNING 3095 01:10:39,335 --> 01:10:40,369 RIGHT NOW CAN CARRY. 3096 01:10:40,369 --> 01:10:41,270 >> OH, OKAY. 3097 01:10:41,270 --> 01:10:42,237 >> AND SO THAT'S THE WHOLE 3098 01:10:42,237 --> 01:10:44,340 MOTIVATION BEHIND, UH, THIS 3099 01:10:44,340 --> 01:10:46,442 UMBRELLA CONCEPT OF STOWING, 3100 01:10:46,442 --> 01:10:47,409 'CAUSE IT CAN NOW BE 3101 01:10:47,409 --> 01:10:48,410 IN A SMALLER SHAPE. 3102 01:10:48,410 --> 01:10:49,411 >> MM-HMM. 3103 01:10:49,411 --> 01:10:51,013 >> AND THEN ACTUALLY OPEN UP 3104 01:10:51,013 --> 01:10:52,681 TO A SIZE MUCH BIGGER 3105 01:10:52,681 --> 01:10:53,849 THAN WHAT THE ROCKET 3106 01:10:53,849 --> 01:10:54,783 COULD'VE ACCOMMODATED. 3107 01:10:54,783 --> 01:10:55,551 >> OKAY. 3108 01:10:55,551 --> 01:10:56,318 >> OKAY, YEAH. 3109 01:10:56,318 --> 01:10:57,319 SO, YEAH, IT'S MORE FLEXIBLE 3110 01:10:57,319 --> 01:10:59,521 FOR DIFFERENT SIZED VEHICLES, 3111 01:10:59,521 --> 01:11:00,356 SPACECRAFT. 3112 01:11:00,356 --> 01:11:01,223 >> EXACTLY. I MEAN, 3113 01:11:01,223 --> 01:11:02,458 PEOPLE HAVE CONCEIVED, UH-- 3114 01:11:02,458 --> 01:11:04,360 THIS IS A SMALLER VERSION. 3115 01:11:04,360 --> 01:11:05,494 THIS IS JUST UNDER A METER 3116 01:11:05,494 --> 01:11:06,395 IN DIAMETER. 3117 01:11:06,395 --> 01:11:08,530 BUT THE ENGINEERS HAVE, UH, 3118 01:11:08,530 --> 01:11:09,932 LOOKED AT DESIGNS UP TO 3119 01:11:09,932 --> 01:11:11,934 16-18 METERS IN DIAMETER. 3120 01:11:11,934 --> 01:11:12,768 >> OH, WOW. 3121 01:11:12,768 --> 01:11:13,736 >> THINK ABOUT THAT. 3122 01:11:13,736 --> 01:11:16,505 UH, FOR DELIVERING LARGE, 3123 01:11:16,505 --> 01:11:18,273 ALMOST LIKE A SMALL HOUSE 3124 01:11:18,273 --> 01:11:19,441 TO THE SURFACE OF MARS 3125 01:11:19,441 --> 01:11:20,609 FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION. 3126 01:11:20,609 --> 01:11:22,511 YOU NEED A HEAT SHIELD THAT BIG. 3127 01:11:22,511 --> 01:11:23,646 AND WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THAT, 3128 01:11:23,646 --> 01:11:25,314 THAT'S-- YOU CAN'T FIT THAT 3129 01:11:25,314 --> 01:11:26,415 IN A ROCKET, AS IT IS. 3130 01:11:26,415 --> 01:11:27,316 >> YEAH, YEAH, THAT MAKES 3131 01:11:27,316 --> 01:11:28,183 PERFECT SENSE. 3132 01:11:28,183 --> 01:11:29,051 SO, PEOPLE WANNA KNOW 3133 01:11:29,051 --> 01:11:29,885 WHAT IT'S MADE OF. 3134 01:11:29,885 --> 01:11:30,919 WHAT IS THIS FABRIC? 3135 01:11:30,919 --> 01:11:32,254 >> OH, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION. 3136 01:11:32,254 --> 01:11:34,223 UM, THAT'S ESSENTIALLY 3137 01:11:34,223 --> 01:11:35,557 THE ENABLING TECHNOLOGY 3138 01:11:35,557 --> 01:11:36,425 WITH ADEPT. 3139 01:11:36,425 --> 01:11:38,260 THIS IS, UH, A THREE DIMENSIONAL 3140 01:11:38,260 --> 01:11:40,329 WOVEN CARBON FABRIC. 3141 01:11:40,329 --> 01:11:42,097 IT'S MADE FROM PURE CARBON YARN, 3142 01:11:42,097 --> 01:11:43,766 UM, AND CARBON IS 3143 01:11:43,766 --> 01:11:46,035 A GREAT MATERIAL FOR 3144 01:11:46,035 --> 01:11:47,202 HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS. 3145 01:11:47,202 --> 01:11:48,537 CARBON CAN SURVIVE VERY HIGH 3146 01:11:48,537 --> 01:11:50,105 TEMPERATURES AND STILL 3147 01:11:50,105 --> 01:11:51,640 RETAIN ITS PROPERTIES. 3148 01:11:51,640 --> 01:11:52,508 AND THAT'S WHAT WE'RE 3149 01:11:52,508 --> 01:11:53,742 LOOKING FOR IN THIS HEAT SHIELD. 3150 01:11:53,742 --> 01:11:54,777 >> COOL. 3151 01:11:54,777 --> 01:11:55,611 >> OKAY. 3152 01:11:55,611 --> 01:11:56,745 >> UM, MORE QUESTIONS. 3153 01:11:56,745 --> 01:11:57,946 UH, HOW MUCH TEMPERATURE 3154 01:11:57,946 --> 01:11:59,515 CAN IT WITHSTAND VERSUS 3155 01:11:59,515 --> 01:12:01,250 TRADITIONAL HEAT SHIELDS? 3156 01:12:01,250 --> 01:12:02,584 >> UH, IT'S ABOUT THE SAME 3157 01:12:02,584 --> 01:12:04,253 TEMPERATURE THAT A REGULAR 3158 01:12:04,253 --> 01:12:05,587 HEAT SHIELD WOULD SEE. 3159 01:12:05,587 --> 01:12:07,389 IT'S, UH, IN EXCESS OF THREE, 3160 01:12:07,389 --> 01:12:10,492 EVEN 3,500 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 3161 01:12:10,492 --> 01:12:11,493 THAT'S VERY HIGH. 3162 01:12:11,493 --> 01:12:12,628 YOU SAW IT GLOWING RED-HOT 3163 01:12:12,628 --> 01:12:13,629 IN THAT VIDEO. 3164 01:12:13,629 --> 01:12:14,363 >> YEAH. 3165 01:12:14,363 --> 01:12:15,197 >> SO, THAT'S-- THE BIG 3166 01:12:15,197 --> 01:12:16,598 CHALLENGE IS NOT ONLY DOES 3167 01:12:16,598 --> 01:12:18,100 THIS FABRIC HAVE TO STOW 3168 01:12:18,100 --> 01:12:19,468 AND OPEN UP LIKE AN UMBRELLA 3169 01:12:19,468 --> 01:12:21,103 AND TAKE ON THE PRESSURES, 3170 01:12:21,103 --> 01:12:22,938 IT'S GONNA GET REALLY HOT 3171 01:12:22,938 --> 01:12:24,373 AND STILL HAVE TO HOLD TOGETHER. 3172 01:12:24,373 --> 01:12:25,941 >> YEAH, UH, SPEAKING OF 3173 01:12:25,941 --> 01:12:27,743 HOLDING TOGETHER, SOMEBODY IS 3174 01:12:27,743 --> 01:12:29,144 THINKING IT MUST BE VERY STRONG 3175 01:12:29,144 --> 01:12:30,879 TO DEPLOY WHILE ENTERING 3176 01:12:30,879 --> 01:12:32,081 THE ATMOSPHERE. 3177 01:12:32,081 --> 01:12:34,850 >> UH, THE TRICK WE DO IS, 3178 01:12:34,850 --> 01:12:36,518 UM, THE DEPLOYMENT ACTUALLY 3179 01:12:36,518 --> 01:12:38,721 TAKES PLACE, UM, IN 3180 01:12:38,721 --> 01:12:40,322 OUR MISSION DESIGNS 3181 01:12:40,322 --> 01:12:41,523 LITERALLY DAYS BEFORE 3182 01:12:41,523 --> 01:12:42,424 IT ENTERS THE PLANET. 3183 01:12:42,424 --> 01:12:43,225 >> OH, OKAY. 3184 01:12:43,225 --> 01:12:44,560 >> SO, IT OPENS UP, UM, BEFORE 3185 01:12:44,560 --> 01:12:45,728 YOU ENTER THE ATMOSPHERE. 3186 01:12:45,728 --> 01:12:46,829 SO YOU'RE NOT SEEING ALL 3187 01:12:46,829 --> 01:12:48,564 THE FORCES THAT IT SEES 3188 01:12:48,564 --> 01:12:49,565 WHEN IT'S FLYING THROUGH 3189 01:12:49,565 --> 01:12:50,432 THE ATMOSPHERE. 3190 01:12:50,432 --> 01:12:51,333 IT'S OPENED UP, 3191 01:12:51,333 --> 01:12:52,701 LOCKED INTO PLACE, GIVES YOU 3192 01:12:52,701 --> 01:12:54,002 TIME EVEN TO CHECK IT OUT, 3193 01:12:54,002 --> 01:12:55,237 TO MAKE SURE IT'S-IT'S 3194 01:12:55,237 --> 01:12:56,739 THE WAY YOU WANT IT TO BE. 3195 01:12:56,739 --> 01:12:57,773 THEN YOU'RE READY TO GO TO 3196 01:12:57,773 --> 01:13:00,375 THE PLANET AND DO A MISSION. 3197 01:13:00,375 --> 01:13:01,310 >> OKAY, I SEE. 3198 01:13:01,310 --> 01:13:02,211 >> THAT'S PRETTY COOL. 3199 01:13:02,211 --> 01:13:02,978 WELL, THANK YOU, 3200 01:13:02,978 --> 01:13:04,213 BOTH PAUL AND ROXANA. 3201 01:13:04,213 --> 01:13:05,581 AND, ROXANA, I DO HAVE TO SAY, 3202 01:13:05,581 --> 01:13:06,715 YOUR OUTFIT IS VERY 3203 01:13:06,715 --> 01:13:08,517 SUPERCALIFRAGILISTICEXPI- 3204 01:13:08,517 --> 01:13:09,918 NASA-DOCIOUS. 3205 01:13:09,918 --> 01:13:11,120 >> YEAH, IT IS! 3206 01:13:11,120 --> 01:13:13,188 >> THANK YOU. IT'S REALLY 3207 01:13:13,188 --> 01:13:14,757 FUN INCORPORATING THIS. 3208 01:13:14,757 --> 01:13:16,058 >> EXCELLENT. SO YOU'LL 3209 01:13:16,058 --> 01:13:17,092 NEVER LOOK AT YOUR WORK 3210 01:13:17,092 --> 01:13:18,127 THE SAME AGAIN, I THINK. 3211 01:13:18,127 --> 01:13:20,996 >> NO, I PROBABLY WON'T. 3212 01:13:20,996 --> 01:13:22,264 >> EXCELLENT, THANK YOU GUYS. 3213 01:13:22,264 --> 01:13:23,198 >> OKAY, WELL, THANK YOU. 3214 01:13:23,198 --> 01:13:24,333 WE'LL CIRCLE BACK WITH 3215 01:13:24,333 --> 01:13:25,400 YOU GUYS A LITTLE BIT LATER, 3216 01:13:25,400 --> 01:13:26,301 WHEN WE GO AHEAD AND VOTE 3217 01:13:26,301 --> 01:13:27,636 ON OUR COSTUMES. 3218 01:13:27,636 --> 01:13:31,907 SO, EVERYONE IS FANS OF LOKI 3219 01:13:31,907 --> 01:13:33,208 FROM THE AVENGERS. 3220 01:13:33,208 --> 01:13:34,843 SO, WE ARE GONNA GO AHEAD 3221 01:13:34,843 --> 01:13:37,412 AND WELCOME OUR OWN VERSION. 3222 01:13:37,412 --> 01:13:40,182 WE CALL HER "LOW-BUDGET LOKI." 3223 01:13:40,182 --> 01:13:41,250 SO, LET'S GO AHEAD 3224 01:13:41,250 --> 01:13:44,586 AND COME ON OUT, LIZ. 3225 01:13:44,586 --> 01:13:45,854 YEAH! 3226 01:13:45,854 --> 01:13:48,957 [LAUGHING] 3227 01:13:48,957 --> 01:13:50,726 >> NICE TWIRL-- EXCELLENT. 3228 01:13:50,726 --> 01:13:54,563 >> NICE! FABULOUS. 3229 01:13:54,563 --> 01:13:55,597 >> COME ON. 3230 01:13:55,597 --> 01:13:58,133 >> COME ON UP. 3231 01:13:58,133 --> 01:13:59,134 >> OKAY, SO, PLEASE, 3232 01:13:59,134 --> 01:14:01,170 INTRODUCE YOURSELF AND TELL US 3233 01:14:01,170 --> 01:14:03,739 WHAT IT IS YOU DO HERE AT AMES. 3234 01:14:03,739 --> 01:14:05,707 >> YEAH, SO MY NAME IS LIZ HYDE 3235 01:14:05,707 --> 01:14:07,009 AND, UH, I'M A MECHANICAL 3236 01:14:07,009 --> 01:14:08,877 ENGINEER, A CONTRACTOR HERE 3237 01:14:08,877 --> 01:14:10,746 AT AMES RESEARCH CENTER, 3238 01:14:10,746 --> 01:14:12,614 WORKING ON SMALL SATS. 3239 01:14:12,614 --> 01:14:14,049 >> THAT'S A PRETTY SNAZZY CROWN 3240 01:14:14,049 --> 01:14:15,484 THAT YOU'VE GOT GOIN' ON THERE. 3241 01:14:15,484 --> 01:14:16,552 >> WELL DONE. WELL DONE. 3242 01:14:16,552 --> 01:14:17,486 DID YOU MAKE THAT YOURSELF? 3243 01:14:17,486 --> 01:14:18,320 >> YEAH, I KNOCKED THIS OUT 3244 01:14:18,320 --> 01:14:19,221 LAST NIGHT, WATCHIN' 3245 01:14:19,221 --> 01:14:20,022 THE BASEBALL GAME. 3246 01:14:20,022 --> 01:14:21,490 [LAUGHING] 3247 01:14:21,490 --> 01:14:22,825 >> SEE, NASA ENGINEERS. 3248 01:14:22,825 --> 01:14:23,892 >> WE CAN DO IT ALL. 3249 01:14:23,892 --> 01:14:24,793 >> OKAY, SO, YOU MENTIONED 3250 01:14:24,793 --> 01:14:25,627 A SMALL SATELLITE. 3251 01:14:25,627 --> 01:14:26,461 LIKE, WHAT IS THAT? 3252 01:14:26,461 --> 01:14:27,930 >> YES, UH, SO IT'S LITERALLY 3253 01:14:27,930 --> 01:14:29,064 A SMALL SATELLITE. 3254 01:14:29,064 --> 01:14:30,065 SO THIS IS A ONE-TO-ONE 3255 01:14:30,065 --> 01:14:31,934 SCALE MODEL, UM, OF 3256 01:14:31,934 --> 01:14:33,735 A CUBE SAT, SPECIFICALLY. 3257 01:14:33,735 --> 01:14:34,970 SO SMALL SATS ARE, YOU KNOW, 3258 01:14:34,970 --> 01:14:35,904 KINDA DONE BY SIDES. 3259 01:14:35,904 --> 01:14:37,172 BUT CUBE SATS ARE A VERY 3260 01:14:37,172 --> 01:14:38,240 SPECIFIC, STANDARDIZED 3261 01:14:38,240 --> 01:14:39,575 KIND OF-- 3262 01:14:39,575 --> 01:14:40,642 >> OKAY, I THINK WE HAVE 3263 01:14:40,642 --> 01:14:41,977 AN IMAGE OF THAT. 3264 01:14:41,977 --> 01:14:42,911 CAN WE GO AHEAD AND GET THAT 3265 01:14:42,911 --> 01:14:44,146 BROUGHT UP ON-SCREEN? 3266 01:14:44,146 --> 01:14:45,514 >> YEAH, SO THAT'S AN IMAGE OF 3267 01:14:45,514 --> 01:14:46,648 A CUBE SAT, JUST LIKE THE ONE 3268 01:14:46,648 --> 01:14:47,716 I HAVE ON THE TABLE HERE. 3269 01:14:47,716 --> 01:14:49,718 AND SO THE KEY IS THAT THIS 3270 01:14:49,718 --> 01:14:52,754 IS A 10X10X10 CENTIMETER CUBE. 3271 01:14:52,754 --> 01:14:54,890 AND SO IT'S SORT OF TO KEEP 3272 01:14:54,890 --> 01:14:56,058 THINGS STANDARDIZED. 3273 01:14:56,058 --> 01:14:57,326 AND IF YOU WANTED TO 3274 01:14:57,326 --> 01:14:58,427 MAKE IT BIGGER, YOU COULD 3275 01:14:58,427 --> 01:15:00,662 STACK MORE OF THESE CUBES 3276 01:15:00,662 --> 01:15:01,630 ON TOP OF EACH OTHER. 3277 01:15:01,630 --> 01:15:02,497 SO, YEAH, YOU COULD HAVE 3278 01:15:02,497 --> 01:15:03,599 A 1U, 2U, 3U-- 3279 01:15:03,599 --> 01:15:04,466 >> OH, YEAH. 3280 01:15:04,466 --> 01:15:05,300 >> A LOT OF STUFF WE'RE DOING 3281 01:15:05,300 --> 01:15:06,735 NOW IS ON, LIKE, THE 6U LEVEL. 3282 01:15:06,735 --> 01:15:07,970 AND STARTING TO POSE THINGS 3283 01:15:07,970 --> 01:15:08,871 BIGGER THAN THAT, 3284 01:15:08,871 --> 01:15:11,240 ON THE 12U LEVEL, JUST TO PACK 3285 01:15:11,240 --> 01:15:13,442 MORE THINGS INTO A BOX. 3286 01:15:13,442 --> 01:15:14,977 >> LIKE SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS OR-- 3287 01:15:14,977 --> 01:15:15,978 >> YEAH, YEAH, EXACTLY. 3288 01:15:15,978 --> 01:15:17,479 SO, A LOT OF THE STUFF, UM-- 3289 01:15:17,479 --> 01:15:18,513 CUBE SATS ARE KIND OF 3290 01:15:18,513 --> 01:15:19,948 VERY POPULAR NOWADAYS. 3291 01:15:19,948 --> 01:15:21,116 SORT OF ALL OVER INDUSTRY, 3292 01:15:21,116 --> 01:15:22,217 BOTH IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR 3293 01:15:22,217 --> 01:15:23,252 AND IN EDUCATION. 3294 01:15:23,252 --> 01:15:24,086 >> OH, COOL. 3295 01:15:24,086 --> 01:15:24,920 >> AND SORT OF, AT NASA, 3296 01:15:24,920 --> 01:15:25,754 WHAT WE'RE TRYIN' TO DO IS 3297 01:15:25,754 --> 01:15:27,022 KIND OF BE ON THE CUTTING EDGE 3298 01:15:27,022 --> 01:15:29,524 OF THAT. UM, SO, DOING NEW, 3299 01:15:29,524 --> 01:15:31,693 LIKE, PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY. 3300 01:15:31,693 --> 01:15:33,228 DOING SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS IS 3301 01:15:33,228 --> 01:15:34,696 WHAT WE DO A LOT HERE AT AMES. 3302 01:15:34,696 --> 01:15:36,431 BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS ARE 3303 01:15:36,431 --> 01:15:37,866 KIND OF OUR BREAD AND BUTTER, 3304 01:15:37,866 --> 01:15:39,334 WHEN IT COMES TO SMALL 3305 01:15:39,334 --> 01:15:40,502 SATELLITE PAYLOADS. 3306 01:15:40,502 --> 01:15:41,536 >> VERY COOL. 3307 01:15:41,536 --> 01:15:42,671 >> SO, WHAT WOULD BE A BENEFIT 3308 01:15:42,671 --> 01:15:44,172 OF BUILDING A CUBE SAT AS 3309 01:15:44,172 --> 01:15:47,075 OPPOSED TO A LARGER SATELLITE? 3310 01:15:47,075 --> 01:15:48,377 >> YEAH, SO, IT REALLY 3311 01:15:48,377 --> 01:15:49,978 COMES DOWN TO TAKING ADVANTAGE 3312 01:15:49,978 --> 01:15:51,413 OF WHAT WE HAVE GIVEN TO US. 3313 01:15:51,413 --> 01:15:52,180 SO, IF YOU THINK-- 3314 01:15:52,180 --> 01:15:53,081 IF YOU HAVE, LIKE, A BIG-- 3315 01:15:53,081 --> 01:15:53,849 LIKE, IF YOU HAD 3316 01:15:53,849 --> 01:15:54,583 A FALCON 9 LAUNCH. 3317 01:15:54,583 --> 01:15:55,450 AND THEY'RE LAUNCHING 3318 01:15:55,450 --> 01:15:57,286 A BIG SATELLITE. 3319 01:15:57,286 --> 01:15:58,287 THERE'S ALL THIS EXTRA ROOM, 3320 01:15:58,287 --> 01:15:59,154 SORTA AT THE BOTTOM 3321 01:15:59,154 --> 01:16:00,155 THAT'S NOT BEING USED. 3322 01:16:00,155 --> 01:16:02,758 AND WE CAN FILL IN THAT SPACE 3323 01:16:02,758 --> 01:16:03,792 AND PUT A BUNCH OF 3324 01:16:03,792 --> 01:16:04,726 THESE CUBE SATS THAT, 3325 01:16:04,726 --> 01:16:05,661 AND JUST KIND OF TAG ALONG 3326 01:16:05,661 --> 01:16:06,428 FOR THE RIDE. 3327 01:16:06,428 --> 01:16:07,429 SO IT'S, YOU KNOW, 3328 01:16:07,429 --> 01:16:08,297 GETTING OPPORTUNITIES THAT 3329 01:16:08,297 --> 01:16:09,431 WE WOULDN'T NORMALLY HAVE. 3330 01:16:09,431 --> 01:16:10,565 >> OKAY, SO IT'S ALMOST LIKE 3331 01:16:10,565 --> 01:16:12,601 YOU'RE LOW-BUDGET, KIND OF 3332 01:16:12,601 --> 01:16:14,202 LIKE THIS COSTUME THAT YOU'RE 3333 01:16:14,202 --> 01:16:15,637 ROCKIN' OVER HERE. 3334 01:16:15,637 --> 01:16:17,372 >> EXACTLY. 3335 01:16:17,372 --> 01:16:18,607 >> OUTSTANDING. YEAH, I FEEL 3336 01:16:18,607 --> 01:16:19,942 THAT EVEN I COULD THROW 3337 01:16:19,942 --> 01:16:21,276 TOGETHER A LOKI T-SHIRT. 3338 01:16:21,276 --> 01:16:22,144 >> YES. 3339 01:16:22,144 --> 01:16:22,945 >> BUT I DON'T KNOW 3340 01:16:22,945 --> 01:16:24,479 IF I COULD MAKE THE HELMET. 3341 01:16:24,479 --> 01:16:26,448 AND YOUR COSTUME HAS BECOME 3342 01:16:26,448 --> 01:16:28,016 AN INSTANT FAVORITE ON THE CHAT. 3343 01:16:28,016 --> 01:16:28,951 SO, CONGRATULATIONS. 3344 01:16:28,951 --> 01:16:29,818 >> ALSO, FOR ALL OF YOU 3345 01:16:29,818 --> 01:16:30,953 MARVEL FANS OUT THERE, 3346 01:16:30,953 --> 01:16:32,020 THE OPENING SCENE FROM 3347 01:16:32,020 --> 01:16:33,622 THE AVENGERS, WHEN LOKI 3348 01:16:33,622 --> 01:16:35,190 IS STEALING THE TESSERACT, 3349 01:16:35,190 --> 01:16:36,391 THAT WAS FILMED AT 3350 01:16:36,391 --> 01:16:37,926 OUR NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER 3351 01:16:37,926 --> 01:16:39,428 IN OHIO. 3352 01:16:39,428 --> 01:16:40,362 >> VERY COOL. 3353 01:16:40,362 --> 01:16:41,430 >> SO, THAT'S HOW WE CAN TIE 3354 01:16:41,430 --> 01:16:43,165 THIS WHOLE THEME TOGETHER. 3355 01:16:43,165 --> 01:16:44,733 >> YEAH. I THINK WE-WE'RE 3356 01:16:44,733 --> 01:16:46,101 ALMOST GONNA HAVE TO LET YOU GO. 3357 01:16:46,101 --> 01:16:47,336 SO, QUICK QUESTION. 3358 01:16:47,336 --> 01:16:48,537 WOULD THAT-- A SATELLITE 3359 01:16:48,537 --> 01:16:49,838 LIKE THAT BE LAUNCHED 3360 01:16:49,838 --> 01:16:51,006 FROM THE SPACE STATION? 3361 01:16:51,006 --> 01:16:52,074 >> ABSOLUTELY. 3362 01:16:52,074 --> 01:16:53,275 UM, THERE'S A, YOU KNOW, 3363 01:16:53,275 --> 01:16:54,443 A COUPLE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT, 3364 01:16:54,443 --> 01:16:55,911 WHEN WE AT NASA HAVE 3365 01:16:55,911 --> 01:16:56,712 LAUNCHED SATELLITES FROM 3366 01:16:56,712 --> 01:16:57,579 THE SPACE STATION, 3367 01:16:57,579 --> 01:16:58,513 THEY HAVE A DEPLOYER UP THERE. 3368 01:16:58,513 --> 01:16:59,514 SO, IT'S REALLY WHEREVER 3369 01:16:59,514 --> 01:17:00,382 WE CAN DEPLOY THESE FROM. 3370 01:17:00,382 --> 01:17:01,249 IF IT'S A SPACE STATION, 3371 01:17:01,249 --> 01:17:02,384 IF IT'S A SEPARATE ROCKET. 3372 01:17:02,384 --> 01:17:03,118 >> MM-HMM. 3373 01:17:03,118 --> 01:17:04,186 >> UM, SORT OF WHOEVER 3374 01:17:04,186 --> 01:17:05,287 WILL GIVE US A RIDE, YOU KNOW. 3375 01:17:05,287 --> 01:17:06,054 >> YEAH, OKAY. 3376 01:17:06,054 --> 01:17:06,788 >> WE'LL GO FOR A RIDE. 3377 01:17:06,788 --> 01:17:07,522 >> YEAH, AND THEY'RE 3378 01:17:07,522 --> 01:17:08,256 SO SMALL THAT THERE ARE 3379 01:17:08,256 --> 01:17:09,024 MORE OPTIONS, MAYBE. 3380 01:17:09,024 --> 01:17:09,725 >> EXACTLY. 3381 01:17:09,725 --> 01:17:10,492 AND THAT'S SORT OF HOW, 3382 01:17:10,492 --> 01:17:11,493 YOU KNOW, YOU'RE SAVIN' MONEY 3383 01:17:11,493 --> 01:17:12,260 ALSO, AS WELL. 3384 01:17:12,260 --> 01:17:13,028 >> OH, YEAH. 3385 01:17:13,028 --> 01:17:13,762 >> ALL RIGHT, AWESOME, 3386 01:17:18,266 --> 01:17:14,563 LOW-BUDGET LOKI. 3387 01:17:18,266 --> 01:17:20,068 >> THANKS FOR COMIN'. 3388 01:17:20,068 --> 01:17:21,370 FABULOUS. 3389 01:17:21,370 --> 01:17:22,804 SO, WHO'S UP NEXT? 3390 01:17:22,804 --> 01:17:23,739 I'M EXCITED FOR THIS ONE, 3391 01:17:23,739 --> 01:17:25,073 I GOTTA SAY. 3392 01:17:25,073 --> 01:17:27,309 WHAT IF THE OLD MAN FROM "UP" 3393 01:17:27,309 --> 01:17:28,610 WORKED AT NASA? 3394 01:17:28,610 --> 01:17:29,978 EVER ASKED YOURSELF THAT? 3395 01:17:29,978 --> 01:17:30,746 >> I DO. 3396 01:17:30,746 --> 01:17:31,380 >> I'VE BEEN WONDERING 3397 01:17:31,380 --> 01:17:31,980 FOR A LONG TIME. 3398 01:17:31,980 --> 01:17:32,614 SO LET'S SAY HI TO 3399 01:17:32,614 --> 01:17:34,116 LAB COAT CARL. 3400 01:17:34,116 --> 01:17:35,283 COME ON OUT, SAMANTHA. 3401 01:17:35,283 --> 01:17:38,353 >> COME ON OUT! 3402 01:17:38,353 --> 01:17:42,024 >> OH, YES! 3403 01:17:42,024 --> 01:17:42,991 >> WELCOME. 3404 01:17:42,991 --> 01:17:45,660 >> SO CUTE! 3405 01:17:45,660 --> 01:17:46,528 >> HELLO, LADIES. 3406 01:17:46,528 --> 01:17:47,295 >> WELCOME, CARL. 3407 01:17:47,295 --> 01:17:47,929 >> WELCOME. 3408 01:17:47,929 --> 01:17:48,663 >> SAMANTHA. 3409 01:17:48,663 --> 01:17:49,498 >> THANK YOU. 3410 01:17:49,498 --> 01:17:50,232 THANK YOU. 3411 01:17:50,232 --> 01:17:51,099 >> EXCELLENT. 3412 01:17:51,099 --> 01:17:52,334 SO, TELL US YOUR NAME 3413 01:17:52,334 --> 01:17:54,102 AND A LITTLE ABOUT WHAT YOU DO. 3414 01:17:54,102 --> 01:17:56,405 >> I AM DR. SAMANTHA WATERS, 3415 01:17:56,405 --> 01:18:00,375 AND I WORK IN THE AEROBIOLOGY 3416 01:18:00,375 --> 01:18:02,310 LAB HERE AT NASA AMES 3417 01:18:02,310 --> 01:18:05,013 ON EXPOSING MICROORGANISMS 3418 01:18:05,013 --> 01:18:06,148 IN THE STRATOSPHERE-- 3419 01:18:06,148 --> 01:18:07,282 OR EMIST. 3420 01:18:07,282 --> 01:18:07,949 >> OKAY. 3421 01:18:07,949 --> 01:18:08,617 >> EMIST EXPERIMENTS-- 3422 01:18:08,617 --> 01:18:09,117 EXCELLENT. 3423 01:18:09,117 --> 01:18:10,118 YES, I GOT TO WRITE ABOUT 3424 01:18:10,118 --> 01:18:11,119 THIS ONE, SO I'VE HEARD 3425 01:18:11,119 --> 01:18:12,287 ABOUT THIS A BIT. 3426 01:18:12,287 --> 01:18:14,956 BUT TELL US, WHAT'S THE DEAL? 3427 01:18:14,956 --> 01:18:16,892 >> SO, AT THE BORDER OF 3428 01:18:16,892 --> 01:18:18,293 PLANETARY PROTECTION AND 3429 01:18:18,293 --> 01:18:19,428 THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL 3430 01:18:19,428 --> 01:18:21,363 LIFE, WE WANT TO LOOK AT 3431 01:18:21,363 --> 01:18:23,065 EXTREME MICRO-ORGANISMS. 3432 01:18:23,065 --> 01:18:24,533 AND WE CAN TAKE THEM 3433 01:18:24,533 --> 01:18:27,335 FOR A RIDE ON BALLOONS. 3434 01:18:27,335 --> 01:18:28,136 >> YOU KNOW, I THINK WE HAVE 3435 01:18:28,136 --> 01:18:29,838 AN IMAGE OF ONE OF THE BALLOONS 3436 01:18:29,838 --> 01:18:31,373 THAT YOU GUYS USE. 3437 01:18:31,373 --> 01:18:32,074 >> OKAY. 3438 01:18:32,074 --> 01:18:32,774 >> SO, CAN WE GET THAT? 3439 01:18:32,774 --> 01:18:34,709 >> SO NOT THOSE BALLOONS, 3440 01:18:34,709 --> 01:18:35,544 BUT ONE OF THESE. 3441 01:18:35,544 --> 01:18:36,278 >> YES, NOT THE BALLOONS 3442 01:18:36,278 --> 01:18:37,245 YOU CAN GET AT YOUR LOCAL 3443 01:18:37,245 --> 01:18:39,681 GROCERY STORE, BUT A BALLOON 3444 01:18:39,681 --> 01:18:40,615 FILLED WITH HELIUM. 3445 01:18:40,615 --> 01:18:42,751 SO, THIS IS AT GROUND LEVEL. 3446 01:18:42,751 --> 01:18:43,985 YOU CAN SEE A SMALL HUMAN 3447 01:18:43,985 --> 01:18:45,353 TO THE LEFT OF THE BALLOON, 3448 01:18:45,353 --> 01:18:46,254 FOR SCALE. 3449 01:18:46,254 --> 01:18:46,855 >> YEAH. 3450 01:18:46,855 --> 01:18:47,589 >> UM, AT GROUND LEVEL, 3451 01:18:47,589 --> 01:18:49,958 IT'S ABOUT 100 FEET TALL. 3452 01:18:49,958 --> 01:18:50,892 >> WOW, WOW, OKAY. 3453 01:18:50,892 --> 01:18:51,860 >> AS IT GOES UP, AND 3454 01:18:51,860 --> 01:18:53,595 THE EXTERNAL PRESSURE IS 3455 01:18:53,595 --> 01:18:55,263 LESS THAN THE INTERNAL PRESSURE, 3456 01:18:55,263 --> 01:18:56,431 IT CAN ACTUALLY EXPAND OUT 3457 01:18:56,431 --> 01:18:58,567 TO THE SIZE OF A STADIUM. 3458 01:18:58,567 --> 01:18:59,167 >> WOW. 3459 01:18:59,167 --> 01:18:59,668 >> WOW! 3460 01:18:59,668 --> 01:19:00,368 >> SO, VERY LARGE. 3461 01:19:00,368 --> 01:19:01,303 >> YEAH! 3462 01:19:01,303 --> 01:19:02,070 >> OKAY. 3463 01:19:02,070 --> 01:19:03,438 AND THAT IS GOING TO TRAVEL, 3464 01:19:03,438 --> 01:19:04,940 IF I RECALL THE TITLE OF 3465 01:19:04,940 --> 01:19:06,341 THIS ARTICLE I WORKED ON, 3466 01:19:06,341 --> 01:19:08,543 19 MILES UP. 3467 01:19:08,543 --> 01:19:09,678 >> IT GOES-- YES. 3468 01:19:09,678 --> 01:19:10,779 >> REALLY HIGH IN 3469 01:19:10,779 --> 01:19:12,214 THE ATMOSPHERE, RIGHT? 3470 01:19:12,214 --> 01:19:13,548 >> YES, IT GOES UP PAST 3471 01:19:13,548 --> 01:19:14,416 THE TROPOSPHERE, WHICH IS WHERE 3472 01:19:14,416 --> 01:19:16,218 THE MAJORITY OF ALL EARTH LIFE 3473 01:19:16,218 --> 01:19:17,319 IS FOUND, AND INTO 3474 01:19:17,319 --> 01:19:18,320 THE STRATOSPHERE, WHERE 3475 01:19:18,320 --> 01:19:20,622 WE ACTUALLY DO SAMPLE LIVING 3476 01:19:20,622 --> 01:19:22,290 MICROBES FROM THE STRATOSPHERE 3477 01:19:22,290 --> 01:19:23,425 THAT HAVE BEEN BLOWN UP THERE 3478 01:19:23,425 --> 01:19:24,392 DUE TO STORM SYSTEMS AND SUCH. 3479 01:19:24,392 --> 01:19:25,327 >> OH, OKAY. 3480 01:19:25,327 --> 01:19:26,361 SO HOW MIGHT YOU GO ABOUT 3481 01:19:26,361 --> 01:19:27,762 DOING THAT? 3482 01:19:27,762 --> 01:19:28,763 >> UH, SAMPLING THEM OR 3483 01:19:28,763 --> 01:19:30,265 TAKING THE BALLOONS UP? 3484 01:19:30,265 --> 01:19:32,100 >> UM, SAMPLING. 3485 01:19:32,100 --> 01:19:33,301 >> SO, THE BALLOONS 3486 01:19:33,301 --> 01:19:34,236 DON'T SAMPLE. 3487 01:19:34,236 --> 01:19:35,804 THE BALLOONS, WE ACTUALLY ADD 3488 01:19:35,804 --> 01:19:38,173 MICROORGANISMS ON THESE LITTLE 3489 01:19:38,173 --> 01:19:41,209 ALUMINUM PLATES OR COUPONS-- 3490 01:19:41,209 --> 01:19:42,110 >> OH, WAIT, I HAVE ONE. 3491 01:19:42,110 --> 01:19:42,978 I HAVE ONE. 3492 01:19:42,978 --> 01:19:43,545 >> YES. 3493 01:19:43,545 --> 01:19:44,212 >> I HAVE NEVER SEEN 3494 01:19:44,212 --> 01:19:44,946 ONE OF THESE BEFORE. 3495 01:19:44,946 --> 01:19:46,314 >> YES, THEY'RE VERY TINY. 3496 01:19:46,314 --> 01:19:47,048 AND YOU CAN EVEN FIT THEM 3497 01:19:47,048 --> 01:19:47,816 IN YOUR POCKET. 3498 01:19:47,816 --> 01:19:49,284 >> IT LOOKS-- IT LOOKS LIKE 3499 01:19:49,284 --> 01:19:50,352 A DOG TAG, MAYBE. 3500 01:19:50,352 --> 01:19:51,086 >> IT DOES LOOK LIKE 3501 01:19:51,086 --> 01:19:51,853 A DOG TAG. 3502 01:19:51,853 --> 01:19:52,621 SO THEY'RE ALUMINUM, 3503 01:19:52,621 --> 01:19:54,656 THEY'RE THIN, AND WE CAN SPOT 3504 01:19:54,656 --> 01:19:56,191 MICROORGANISMS ON THEM, 3505 01:19:56,191 --> 01:19:57,592 SUCH AS IN THE PHOTO. 3506 01:19:57,592 --> 01:19:59,060 AND THEN TAKE THEM UP 3507 01:19:59,060 --> 01:20:00,795 FOR A RIDE ON THESE BALLOONS 3508 01:20:00,795 --> 01:20:02,931 AND EXPOSE THEM TO ALL OF 3509 01:20:02,931 --> 01:20:04,666 THE HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS 3510 01:20:04,666 --> 01:20:06,034 IN THE STRATOSPHERE. 3511 01:20:06,034 --> 01:20:08,370 AND THOSE INSULTS ARE ACTUALLY, 3512 01:20:08,370 --> 01:20:10,605 UH, ONE ON ONE IN LINE WITH 3513 01:20:10,605 --> 01:20:11,806 WHAT, UH, MICROORGANISMS 3514 01:20:11,806 --> 01:20:13,308 WOULD EXPERIENCE ON 3515 01:20:13,308 --> 01:20:14,409 THE MARTIAN SURFACE. 3516 01:20:14,409 --> 01:20:16,111 >> OH, ON MARS, OKAY, OKAY. 3517 01:20:16,111 --> 01:20:17,479 SO THAT'S EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE 3518 01:20:17,479 --> 01:20:19,080 STANDING IN FOR 3519 01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:20,282 MARS CONDITIONS. 3520 01:20:20,282 --> 01:20:22,284 >> YES, THE-- UH, ON EARTH, 3521 01:20:22,284 --> 01:20:23,518 THE STRATOSPHERE IS ACTUALLY 3522 01:20:23,518 --> 01:20:25,587 THE BEST MARS ANALOG, SO 3523 01:20:25,587 --> 01:20:27,155 WE CAN EXPERIMENT THERE 3524 01:20:27,155 --> 01:20:28,757 FOR LONG TERM IN THE ANTARCTIC, 3525 01:20:28,757 --> 01:20:29,891 UH, WITH THESE BALLOONS 3526 01:20:29,891 --> 01:20:31,526 FOR UPWARDS OF TWO MONTHS. 3527 01:20:31,526 --> 01:20:32,994 >> OH, COOL, WOW. 3528 01:20:32,994 --> 01:20:34,429 >> SO HOW MIGHT OUR VIEWERS 3529 01:20:34,429 --> 01:20:36,932 AT HOME RECREATE THIS AMAZING 3530 01:20:36,932 --> 01:20:38,700 CARL ENSEMBLE THAT YOU'VE GOT 3531 01:20:38,700 --> 01:20:39,601 GOIN' ON OVER HERE? 3532 01:20:39,601 --> 01:20:40,435 >> I'M PRETTY SURE YOU CAN 3533 01:20:40,435 --> 01:20:41,736 GO TO YOUR LOCAL THRIFT STORE 3534 01:20:41,736 --> 01:20:44,906 AND GET A BOWTIE, 3535 01:20:44,906 --> 01:20:46,641 AND A WHITE SHIRT. 3536 01:20:46,641 --> 01:20:48,743 AND A MEDICAL SUPPLY STORE 3537 01:20:48,743 --> 01:20:49,778 WILL GIVE YOU ANY KIND OF 3538 01:20:49,778 --> 01:20:50,745 COLOR LAB COAT YOU COULD 3539 01:20:50,745 --> 01:20:52,847 WANT-- PINK, RED, BLUE. 3540 01:20:52,847 --> 01:20:54,916 AND THEN SOME GOGGLE-- 3541 01:20:54,916 --> 01:20:55,984 OR SOME GLASSES WITHOUT 3542 01:20:55,984 --> 01:20:59,154 ANY LENSES IN THEM, AND A WIG. 3543 01:20:59,154 --> 01:21:00,288 >> FABULOUS. 3544 01:21:00,288 --> 01:21:00,989 YOU LOOK GREAT. 3545 01:21:00,989 --> 01:21:01,856 SO ARE YOU GOING TO WEAR THIS 3546 01:21:01,856 --> 01:21:03,191 ON HALLOWEEN, IN FACT? 3547 01:21:03,191 --> 01:21:04,125 >> UH, I WILL ACTUALLY BE AT 3548 01:21:04,125 --> 01:21:05,527 A CONFERENCE OVER IN 3549 01:21:05,527 --> 01:21:07,429 THE DC AREA, AND I WILL BE 3550 01:21:07,429 --> 01:21:08,763 DRESSED UP AS A WITCH 3551 01:21:08,763 --> 01:21:09,965 WITH SOME SKULLS AROUND. 3552 01:21:09,965 --> 01:21:10,865 >> OKAY, NICE. 3553 01:21:10,865 --> 01:21:12,367 >> YEAH, THAT IS HOW I WILL 3554 01:21:12,367 --> 01:21:13,168 FREAK OUT ALL OF 3555 01:21:13,168 --> 01:21:14,269 MY FELLOW SCIENTISTS. 3556 01:21:14,269 --> 01:21:15,403 >> ALL RIGHT, WELL, 3557 01:21:15,403 --> 01:21:17,005 THANK YOU, SAMANTHA. 3558 01:21:17,005 --> 01:21:18,740 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. 3559 01:21:18,740 --> 01:21:20,875 >> WE'LL SEE YOU IN A BIT. 3560 01:21:20,875 --> 01:21:24,145 >> OKAY, SO A GOOD NIGHT OF 3561 01:21:24,145 --> 01:21:26,081 SLEEP IS IMPORTANT IN SPACE, 3562 01:21:26,081 --> 01:21:27,649 AND THANKS TO OUR RESEARCHERS 3563 01:21:27,649 --> 01:21:29,517 HERE AT AMES, THE-- 3564 01:21:29,517 --> 01:21:31,152 OUR ASTRONAUTS ARE ALERT 3565 01:21:31,152 --> 01:21:32,520 AND READY FOR A FULL DAY ABOARD 3566 01:21:32,520 --> 01:21:34,289 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 3567 01:21:34,289 --> 01:21:36,391 SO LET'S SAY HI TO OLIVIA, 3568 01:21:36,391 --> 01:21:39,527 AS ALERT ASTRONAUT, AND ERIN. 3569 01:21:39,527 --> 01:21:41,096 COME ON OUT. 3570 01:21:41,096 --> 01:21:42,864 >> YEAH, AW, THERE SHE IS. 3571 01:21:42,864 --> 01:21:45,767 HELLO, LADIES. 3572 01:21:45,767 --> 01:21:49,004 WAKE UP, ASTRONAUT. 3573 01:21:49,004 --> 01:21:50,905 WELL, YOU LOOK WELL RESTED. 3574 01:21:50,905 --> 01:21:52,574 WOW. 3575 01:21:52,574 --> 01:21:53,875 I'VE GOTTA HEAR MORE 3576 01:21:53,875 --> 01:21:55,577 ABOUT THIS. 3577 01:21:55,577 --> 01:21:57,212 >> SO, LADIES, TELL ME. 3578 01:21:57,212 --> 01:21:58,079 UH, FIRST, INTRODUCE 3579 01:21:58,079 --> 01:21:59,247 YOURSELVES, AND TELL ME 3580 01:21:59,247 --> 01:21:59,914 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT 3581 01:21:59,914 --> 01:22:01,149 WHAT YOU DO HERE. 3582 01:22:01,149 --> 01:22:02,183 >> OKAY, SO I'M 3583 01:22:02,183 --> 01:22:03,018 ERIN FLYNN-EVANS. 3584 01:22:03,018 --> 01:22:04,386 I'M A CIRCADIAN PHYSIOLOGIST, 3585 01:22:04,386 --> 01:22:05,687 AND I LEAD THE FATIGUE 3586 01:22:05,687 --> 01:22:07,656 COUNTERMEASURES LABORATORY HERE. 3587 01:22:07,656 --> 01:22:09,190 AND THIS IS OLIVIA. 3588 01:22:09,190 --> 01:22:10,425 >> YEAH, MY NAME IS OLIVIA. 3589 01:22:10,425 --> 01:22:11,793 UM, I'M A RESEARCH ASSISTANT 3590 01:22:11,793 --> 01:22:13,028 IN ERIN'S LAB. 3591 01:22:13,028 --> 01:22:14,329 I HELP OUT WITH A LOT OF 3592 01:22:14,329 --> 01:22:15,864 SLEEP RELATED PROJECTS. 3593 01:22:15,864 --> 01:22:17,365 >> OKAY, OKAY. 3594 01:22:17,365 --> 01:22:20,268 SO WHY FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURES? 3595 01:22:20,268 --> 01:22:22,537 >> SO, IT'S FUNNY-- YOU THINK, 3596 01:22:22,537 --> 01:22:23,972 WELL, I GO TO BED EVERY NIGHT 3597 01:22:23,972 --> 01:22:25,607 AND I HAVE NO PROBLEM SLEEPING. 3598 01:22:25,607 --> 01:22:26,408 WHY WOULD WE NEED TO 3599 01:22:26,408 --> 01:22:27,442 STUDY THIS IN SPACE? 3600 01:22:27,442 --> 01:22:29,411 BUT ACTUALLY, THERE ARE 3601 01:22:29,411 --> 01:22:30,578 A LOT OF CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED 3602 01:22:30,578 --> 01:22:31,546 WITH SLEEPING IN SPACE. 3603 01:22:31,546 --> 01:22:32,747 FIRSTLY, THE ASTRONAUTS ARE 3604 01:22:32,747 --> 01:22:34,015 FREE-FLOATING, AND SO 3605 01:22:34,015 --> 01:22:37,419 WE HAVE TO HAVE, UM, UH, WAYS 3606 01:22:37,419 --> 01:22:38,486 TO KEEP THEM SORT OF 3607 01:22:38,486 --> 01:22:40,055 STRAPPED DOWN SO THAT THEY CAN 3608 01:22:40,055 --> 01:22:41,356 SLEEP IN ONE PLACE. 3609 01:22:41,356 --> 01:22:42,057 >> YEAH. 3610 01:22:42,057 --> 01:22:42,791 >> UM, THEY'RE ALSO GOING 3611 01:22:42,791 --> 01:22:43,758 AROUND THE EARTH EVERY 3612 01:22:43,758 --> 01:22:45,093 90 MINUTES, AND SO THEY DON'T 3613 01:22:45,093 --> 01:22:46,227 GET A LIGHT-DARK CYCLE 3614 01:22:46,227 --> 01:22:47,729 LIKE WE GET HERE ON EARTH. 3615 01:22:47,729 --> 01:22:48,496 >> OKAY. 3616 01:22:48,496 --> 01:22:49,898 >> UM, WE'RE VERY TIED TO 3617 01:22:49,898 --> 01:22:51,466 OUR SOLAR DAY AND NIGHT. 3618 01:22:51,466 --> 01:22:52,734 AND SO WHEN IT'S NIGHT, 3619 01:22:52,734 --> 01:22:54,536 IT'S NOT JUST A SOCIAL CUE 3620 01:22:54,536 --> 01:22:55,603 FOR US TO GO TO SLEEP, BUT 3621 01:22:55,603 --> 01:22:56,938 WE ACTUALLY HAVE A BIOLOGICAL 3622 01:22:56,938 --> 01:22:58,640 CUE TO GO TO SLEEP. 3623 01:22:58,640 --> 01:22:59,474 AND THE ASTRONAUTS DON'T 3624 01:22:59,474 --> 01:23:01,309 HAVE THAT IN SPACE. 3625 01:23:01,309 --> 01:23:02,344 AND IT'S GOING TO BE EVEN WORSE 3626 01:23:02,344 --> 01:23:04,079 WHEN WE GO TO MARS BECAUSE 3627 01:23:04,079 --> 01:23:05,947 THE MARS DAY IS A LITTLE BIT 3628 01:23:05,947 --> 01:23:07,515 LONGER THAN THE EARTH DAY, 3629 01:23:07,515 --> 01:23:10,218 AND SO ASTRONAUTS WILL 3630 01:23:10,218 --> 01:23:11,586 HAVE TO BE ABLE TO ADAPT TO 3631 01:23:11,586 --> 01:23:12,587 THAT SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN 3632 01:23:12,587 --> 01:23:13,822 24-HOUR DAY. 3633 01:23:13,822 --> 01:23:14,522 >> YEAH. 3634 01:23:14,522 --> 01:23:15,190 >> AND SO WE DO RESEARCH 3635 01:23:15,190 --> 01:23:16,057 TO FIGURE OUT HOW THEY CAN 3636 01:23:16,057 --> 01:23:16,825 DO THAT. 3637 01:23:16,825 --> 01:23:17,425 >> EXCELLENT. 3638 01:23:17,425 --> 01:23:18,093 >> YOU KNOW, I THINK 3639 01:23:18,093 --> 01:23:19,227 WE HAVE SOME VIDEO. 3640 01:23:19,227 --> 01:23:20,895 >> DO WE? 3641 01:23:20,895 --> 01:23:22,597 OF AN EXPERIMENT IN YOUR LAB, 3642 01:23:22,597 --> 01:23:24,399 I GUESS? 3643 01:23:24,399 --> 01:23:26,901 >> YES, SO THIS IS AN EXAMPLE 3644 01:23:26,901 --> 01:23:27,936 OF THE TYPE OF EXPERIMENT 3645 01:23:27,936 --> 01:23:29,537 THAT WE DO IN THE LAB. 3646 01:23:29,537 --> 01:23:31,539 UM, THERE'S-- WE ARE A SLEEP 3647 01:23:31,539 --> 01:23:33,608 LAB, BUT MOST PEOPLE DON'T 3648 01:23:33,608 --> 01:23:34,943 ACTUALLY SLEEP IN 3649 01:23:34,943 --> 01:23:36,211 OUR SLEEP LAB. 3650 01:23:36,211 --> 01:23:37,145 UH, WE STUDY SLEEP 3651 01:23:37,145 --> 01:23:38,580 DEPRIVATION, TYPICALLY, 3652 01:23:38,580 --> 01:23:39,848 BECAUSE MOST OF THE POPULATIONS 3653 01:23:39,848 --> 01:23:41,216 THAT WE STUDY OFTEN HAVE TO 3654 01:23:41,216 --> 01:23:42,484 STAY AWAKE FOR EXTENDED 3655 01:23:42,484 --> 01:23:43,618 PERIODS OF TIME. 3656 01:23:43,618 --> 01:23:45,086 SO WE BRING THEM IN, 3657 01:23:45,086 --> 01:23:46,054 WE PUT THEM IN BED, AND THEN 3658 01:23:46,054 --> 01:23:47,055 WE KEEP THEM AWAKE FOR 3659 01:23:47,055 --> 01:23:49,057 30 TO 50 HOURS AND GIVE THEM 3660 01:23:49,057 --> 01:23:50,358 LOTS AND LOTS OF TESTS, AND 3661 01:23:50,358 --> 01:23:51,993 MEASURE THEIR BRAIN ACTIVITY. 3662 01:23:51,993 --> 01:23:53,762 >> WOW. 3663 01:23:53,762 --> 01:23:54,462 I DON'T KNOW IF I'D WANNA 3664 01:23:54,462 --> 01:23:55,497 TAKE PART IN THAT OR NOT. 3665 01:23:55,497 --> 01:23:56,097 >> YEAH. 3666 01:23:56,097 --> 01:23:58,032 >> SOUNDS INTERESTING, BUT... 3667 01:23:58,032 --> 01:23:59,000 MAYBE BETTER TO LEARN ABOUT IT 3668 01:23:59,000 --> 01:24:01,269 FROM YOU GUYS. 3669 01:24:01,269 --> 01:24:03,505 >> OKAY, SO I THINK WE HAVE 3670 01:24:03,505 --> 01:24:05,373 TIME FOR ONE QUICK QUESTION. 3671 01:24:05,373 --> 01:24:06,307 >> WELL, I WANNA JUST KNOW 3672 01:24:06,307 --> 01:24:07,542 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THIS CAP 3673 01:24:07,542 --> 01:24:08,843 AND ALL THE WIRES. 3674 01:24:08,843 --> 01:24:09,711 WHAT'RE YOU MEASURING 3675 01:24:09,711 --> 01:24:10,378 WITH THAT? 3676 01:24:10,378 --> 01:24:11,579 >> YEAH, SO THIS IS, UM, 3677 01:24:11,579 --> 01:24:13,314 AN EEG CAP, UM, AND SO 3678 01:24:13,314 --> 01:24:15,083 WE'RE MEASURING BRAIN ACTIVITY. 3679 01:24:15,083 --> 01:24:17,385 SO WHEN WE STRAP THE CAP ONTO 3680 01:24:17,385 --> 01:24:18,586 ASTRONAUTS OR PEOPLE HERE 3681 01:24:18,586 --> 01:24:20,755 ON THE GROUND, UH, WE CAN STUDY 3682 01:24:20,755 --> 01:24:22,490 HOW ALERT THEY ARE, AND WE CAN 3683 01:24:22,490 --> 01:24:23,992 ALSO, UM, FIGURE OUT WHETHER 3684 01:24:23,992 --> 01:24:25,860 THEIR QUALITY OF SLEEP IS GOOD 3685 01:24:25,860 --> 01:24:27,462 TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT 3686 01:24:27,462 --> 01:24:28,696 THEY'LL PERFORM WELL WHEN 3687 01:24:28,696 --> 01:24:30,031 WE HAVE THEM DO TASKS. 3688 01:24:30,031 --> 01:24:31,132 >> ALL RIGHT, SWEET. 3689 01:24:31,132 --> 01:24:31,933 WELL, THANK YOU. 3690 01:24:31,933 --> 01:24:32,634 >> AWESOME COSTUME. 3691 01:24:32,634 --> 01:24:33,535 >> THANK YOU. 3692 01:24:33,535 --> 01:24:36,237 >> SO I THINK WE ARE GONNA SAY 3693 01:24:36,237 --> 01:24:37,872 THANK YOU FOR HAVIN' YOU 3694 01:24:37,872 --> 01:24:39,174 JOIN US, LADIES. 3695 01:24:39,174 --> 01:24:40,275 BUT DON'T GO TOO FAR, BECAUSE 3696 01:24:40,275 --> 01:24:41,509 WE DO NEED TO VOTE ON 3697 01:24:41,509 --> 01:24:43,044 OUR COSTUMES. 3698 01:24:43,044 --> 01:24:43,978 >> SO YOU CAN POP OUT THERE 3699 01:24:43,978 --> 01:24:45,346 AND GET IN LINE, AND THEN 3700 01:24:45,346 --> 01:24:46,181 WE'RE GONNA BRING EVERYBODY 3701 01:24:46,181 --> 01:24:47,015 BACK OUT. 3702 01:24:47,015 --> 01:24:47,816 >> SOUNDS GOOD. 3703 01:24:47,816 --> 01:24:51,019 >> SO OUR VIEWERS CAN VOTE. 3704 01:24:51,019 --> 01:24:52,787 >> OKAY, SO WE'RE GOING TO 3705 01:24:52,787 --> 01:24:53,721 GO AHEAD AND BRING OUT 3706 01:24:53,721 --> 01:24:57,358 ALL OF OUR COSPLAY CONTESTANTS. 3707 01:24:57,358 --> 01:25:00,328 SO HERE IS ANOTHER LOOK AT 3708 01:25:00,328 --> 01:25:03,331 ALL OF OUR COSPLAY COSTUMES. 3709 01:25:03,331 --> 01:25:06,201 SO, UP FIRST, WE'VE GOT 3710 01:25:06,201 --> 01:25:08,870 ROBERT AS OUR JEDI 3711 01:25:08,870 --> 01:25:10,738 NO LONGER IN TRAINING. 3712 01:25:10,738 --> 01:25:12,507 >> AHA, THAT'S RIGHT. 3713 01:25:12,507 --> 01:25:14,042 >> WE'VE GOT RICK AS 3714 01:25:14,042 --> 01:25:17,378 ASTRO-BEEKEEPER. 3715 01:25:17,378 --> 01:25:18,947 WE'VE GOT ROXANA AS 3716 01:25:18,947 --> 01:25:22,250 OUR MARY TECHNO-POPPINS. 3717 01:25:22,250 --> 01:25:23,318 >> THINK WE NEED TO SQUEEZE 3718 01:25:23,318 --> 01:25:24,385 A LITTLE FURTHER. 3719 01:25:24,385 --> 01:25:25,587 >> WE'VE GOT LIZ AS 3720 01:25:25,587 --> 01:25:27,522 OUR LOW BUDGET LOKI. 3721 01:25:27,522 --> 01:25:28,456 >> MM-HMM. 3722 01:25:28,456 --> 01:25:30,058 >> AND THEN WE'VE GOT OLIVIA 3723 01:25:30,058 --> 01:25:32,794 AS OUR ASTRO ASTRONAUT-- 3724 01:25:32,794 --> 01:25:33,595 OR, I'M SORRY, 3725 01:25:33,595 --> 01:25:34,863 OUR ALERT ASTRONAUT. 3726 01:25:34,863 --> 01:25:36,264 >> YEAH. 3727 01:25:36,264 --> 01:25:38,233 ALL RIGHT, TAKE A LOOK, 3728 01:25:38,233 --> 01:25:41,102 GET YOUR VOTES IN THE CHAT. 3729 01:25:41,102 --> 01:25:42,270 >> SO ABBY, I THINK-- 3730 01:25:42,270 --> 01:25:44,239 DO WE HAVE A WINNER? 3731 01:25:44,239 --> 01:25:45,373 >> I DON'T KNOW. 3732 01:25:45,373 --> 01:25:47,308 I DON'T KNOW IF I CAN DECIDE. 3733 01:25:47,308 --> 01:25:49,444 ALL RIGHT, IT'S GONNA BE, 3734 01:25:49,444 --> 01:25:51,546 THE ASTRO-BEEKEEPER! 3735 01:25:51,546 --> 01:25:53,615 [ LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE ] 3736 01:25:53,615 --> 01:25:54,415 >> YEAH. 3737 01:25:54,415 --> 01:25:56,518 >> AN ASTROBEE. 3738 01:25:56,518 --> 01:25:57,619 OUTSTANDING. 3739 01:25:57,619 --> 01:25:58,586 JUST SHOW US-- SHOW US 3740 01:25:58,586 --> 01:26:00,688 WHAT YOU GOT. 3741 01:26:00,688 --> 01:26:03,825 NICE, EXCELLENT. 3742 01:26:03,825 --> 01:26:04,559 >> WELL, THANK YOU FOR ALL OF 3743 01:26:04,559 --> 01:26:06,094 OUR COSPLAYERS FOR JOINING US 3744 01:26:06,094 --> 01:26:09,330 ON-ON OUR TWITCH SHOW TODAY. 3745 01:26:09,330 --> 01:26:10,431 AND ALSO, DON'T FORGET, IF YOU 3746 01:26:10,431 --> 01:26:12,166 DO END UP USING ANY OF THESE 3747 01:26:12,166 --> 01:26:14,035 LOOKS OR WEAR ANY NASA 3748 01:26:14,035 --> 01:26:15,937 SPACE-THEMED COSTUMES FOR 3749 01:26:15,937 --> 01:26:17,338 HALLOWEEN, WE WANNA SEE IT. 3750 01:26:17,338 --> 01:26:18,273 SO MAKE SURE YOU TAG US 3751 01:26:18,273 --> 01:26:19,741 IN ALL OF YOUR SOCIAL CHANNELS 3752 01:26:19,741 --> 01:26:22,911 HASHTAG #NASACOSTUME. 3753 01:26:22,911 --> 01:26:25,647 SO ABBY, IT LOOKS LIKE 3754 01:26:25,647 --> 01:26:27,682 YOU GUYS-- YOU'VE-- 3755 01:26:27,682 --> 01:26:28,683 >> I'VE FOUND SO MANY 3756 01:26:28,683 --> 01:26:29,784 EXOPLANETS! 3757 01:26:29,784 --> 01:26:31,185 DO YOU SEE THEM? 3758 01:26:31,185 --> 01:26:32,420 SO KEPLER, IN THE END, 3759 01:26:32,420 --> 01:26:33,655 TAUGHT US THAT THERE ARE 3760 01:26:33,655 --> 01:26:36,157 MORE PLANETS THAN STARS. 3761 01:26:36,157 --> 01:26:37,325 SO I'M WEARING AS MANY AS 3762 01:26:37,325 --> 01:26:39,360 I COULD RIGHT NOW, JUST 3763 01:26:39,360 --> 01:26:40,328 'CAUSE I'M SO EXCITED 3764 01:26:40,328 --> 01:26:41,563 ABOUT EXOPLANETS. 3765 01:26:41,563 --> 01:26:43,298 SO I'M READY FOR HALLOWEEN! 3766 01:26:43,298 --> 01:26:44,432 >> I THINK YOU ARE. 3767 01:26:44,432 --> 01:26:45,333 >> ALL RIGHTY. 3768 01:26:45,333 --> 01:26:46,868 >> SO, UM, I JUST WANNA SAY 3769 01:26:46,868 --> 01:26:47,535 THANK YOU. 3770 01:26:47,535 --> 01:26:48,836 THIS HAS BEEN "NASA IN 3771 01:26:48,836 --> 01:26:50,038 "SILICON VALLEY LIVE," 3772 01:26:50,038 --> 01:26:51,739 A CONVERSATIONAL SHOW OUT OF 3773 01:26:51,739 --> 01:26:53,441 NASA'S AMES RESEARCH CENTER 3774 01:26:53,441 --> 01:26:54,909 WITH THE VARIOUS SCIENTISTS, 3775 01:26:54,909 --> 01:26:56,911 RESEARCHERS, AND ALL-AROUND 3776 01:26:56,911 --> 01:26:58,413 COOL FOLKS HERE AT NASA, 3777 01:26:58,413 --> 01:26:59,447 WHERE WE TALK ABOUT ALL OF 3778 01:26:59,447 --> 01:27:00,848 YOUR NASA NERDY NEWS THAT 3779 01:27:00,848 --> 01:27:02,417 YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT. 3780 01:27:02,417 --> 01:27:04,152 AND IF YOU LIKE THAT, YOU CAN 3781 01:27:04,152 --> 01:27:06,487 FIND US ON TWITCH, ON YOUTUBE, 3782 01:27:06,487 --> 01:27:08,256 FACEBOOK, AND NASA TV. 3783 01:27:08,256 --> 01:27:09,190 AND IF YOU CAN'T WATCH US 3784 01:27:09,190 --> 01:27:11,225 LIVE, NO BIG DEAL-- WE HAVE 3785 01:27:11,225 --> 01:27:12,694 ALL OF OUR VIDEO ON DEMAND 3786 01:27:12,694 --> 01:27:14,295 AFTER THE SHOW IS OVER. 3787 01:27:14,295 --> 01:27:15,363 AND YOU CAN CATCH THE AUDIO 3788 01:27:15,363 --> 01:27:17,899 VERSION, UM, ON PODCAST 3789 01:27:17,899 --> 01:27:18,967 SERVICES THROUGHOUT 3790 01:27:18,967 --> 01:27:22,036 THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND BEYOND. 3791 01:27:22,036 --> 01:27:24,238 AND I DO WANT TO GIVE A HUGE 3792 01:27:24,238 --> 01:27:25,506 THANK YOU TO EVERYONE THAT 3793 01:27:25,506 --> 01:27:27,141 JOINED US, UM, ON 3794 01:27:27,141 --> 01:27:28,276 THE TWITCH CHAT. 3795 01:27:28,276 --> 01:27:29,544 WE'LL BE BACK ON THURSDAY, 3796 01:27:29,544 --> 01:27:32,180 NOVEMBER 8th, WHERE WE WILL BE 3797 01:27:32,180 --> 01:27:34,449 CELEBRATING NATIONAL STEM DAY 3798 01:27:34,449 --> 01:27:35,984 WITH A BUNCH OF AMAZING 3799 01:27:35,984 --> 01:27:37,452 NASA WOMEN. 3800 01:27:37,452 --> 01:27:38,453 >> CAN'T WAIT. 3801 01:27:38,453 --> 01:27:39,320 >> SO ON THAT NOTE-- 3802 01:27:39,320 --> 01:27:41,489 >> SEE YOU LATER! 3803 01:27:41,489 --> 01:27:42,991 >> UGH, I'M OUT. 3804 01:27:42,991 --> 01:27:43,925 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 3805 01:27:43,925 --> 01:27:44,626 >> I'M OUT. 3806 01:27:44,626 --> 01:27:45,693 >> LOOSEN UP THE TIE. 3807 01:27:45,693 --> 01:27:46,694 >> GOODNIGHT.